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of French descent

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1 of french descent

• syntyperältään ranskalainen

English-Finnish dictionary > of french descent
2 descent

noun

1) (of person) Abstieg, der; (of parachute, plane, bird, avalanche) Niedergehen, das

2) (way) Abstieg, der

3) (slope) Abfall, der

the descent was very steep — das Gefälle war sehr stark

4) (lineage) Abstammung, die; Herkunft, die

be of Russian descent — russischer Abstammung sein

* * *

[-t]

noun

1) (the act of descending: The descent of the hill was quickly completed.) der Abstieg

2) (a slope: That is a steep descent.) die Senkung

3) (family; ancestry: She is of royal descent.) die Abstammung

* * *

de·scent

[dɪˈsent]

n

1. (passage down) from mountain Abstieg m kein pl; (going down) Absteigen nt, Hinuntergehen nt; (in diving) Abtauchen nt; SKI Abfahrt f, Abfahrtslauf m

2. (landing approach) [Lande]anflug m ( into auf + dat)

3. (slope) of road, path Abfall m

the path made a sudden steep \descent der Weg fiel plötzlich steil ab

4. ( fig: decline) Absinken nt; into chaos, civil war Versinken nt

5. no pl (ancestry) Abstammung f, Herkunft f

he's of Russian \descent er hat russische Vorfahren

lineal \descent Abstammung f in gerader Linie, direkte Abstammung

to claim \descent from sb behaupten, von jdm abzustammen

to trace one's \descent seine Abstammung zurückverfolgen

6. LAW of property Übergang m, Vererbung f

by \descent LAW durch gesetzliche Erbfolge

7. MIL (attack) Überfall (on auf + akk)

* * *
[dɪ'sent]
n

1) (= going down of person) Hinuntergehen nt, Absteigen nt; (from mountain, of plane, into underworld) Abstieg m; (of gymnast) Abgang m; (= slope of road) Abfall m

during the descent of the mountain — während des Abstiegs vom Berg

the road made a sharp descent — die Straße fiel steil ab

descent by parachute — Fallschirmabsprung

the descent from the cross (Art, Rel) — die Kreuzabnahme

2) (= ancestry) Abstammung f, Herkunft f

of noble descent — von adliger Abstammung or Herkunft

he claims direct descent from... — er behauptet, direkt von... abzustammen

3) (of property) Vererbung f, Übertragung f (to auf +acc); (of customs) Überlieferung f (to auf +acc)

4) (MIL fig = attack) Überfall m (on auf +acc)

5) (inf: visit) Überfall m (inf)

6) (fig into crime etc) Absinken nt (into in +acc); (into chaos, civil war, madness) Versinken nt (into in +acc)

* * *

descent [dıˈsent] s

1. Herab-, Herunter-, Hinunter-, Hinabsteigen n, Abstieg m, Tal-, Abfahrt f, (Bergbau) Einfahrt f:

descent of the Holy Ghost BIBEL Ausgießung f des Heiligen Geistes;

descent from the cross MAL Kreuzabnahme f

2. FLUG

a) Höhenaufgabe f, Sinkflug m, Niedergehen n (des Flugzeugs vor der Landung)

b) (Fallschirm)Absprung m

3. Abhang m, Abfall m, Senkung f, Gefälle n:

make a sharp descent scharf abfallen

4. (der) Weg hinunter oder herunter

5. fig

a) Sinken n

b) Niedergang m, Abstieg m

6. Deszendenz f:

a) Abstammung f, Geburt f, Ab-, Herkunft f:

of French descent französischer Herkunft

b) Nachkommenschaft f

c) absteigende Linie

7. JUR Vererbung f, Übertragung f, Übergang m ( alle:

to auf akk)

8. (on, upon) Einfall m (in akk), feindliche Landung (in dat oder auf dat), Angriff m (auf akk), (auch iron) Überfall m (auf akk)

* * *

noun

1) (of person) Abstieg, der; (of parachute, plane, bird, avalanche) Niedergehen, das

2) (way) Abstieg, der

3) (slope) Abfall, der

the descent was very steep — das Gefälle war sehr stark

4) (lineage) Abstammung, die; Herkunft, die

be of Russian descent — russischer Abstammung sein

* * *

(on, upon) n.

Angriff -e (auf) m.

Einfall -¨e (in) m.

Überfall -¨e (auf) m. n.

Abfall -¨e m.

Abhang -¨e m.

Absprung -¨e m.

Abstammung f.

Abstieg -e m.

Einfahrt -en (Bergbau) f.

Fallen -reien n.

Geburt -en f.

Gefälle - n.

Herkunft -¨e (Familie) f.

Heruntersteigen n.

Hinuntersteigen n.

Landung -en f.

Niedergang m.

Senkung -en f.

Sinken n.

Vererbung f.

Übergang -¨e m.

Übertragung f.

English-german dictionary > descent
3 ascendencia

ascendencia sustantivo femenino
a) ( linaje) descent, ancestry;

◊ es de ascendencia francesa he is of French descent

b) ( origen) origin(s);

◊ su ascendencia humilde her humble origins

ascendencia sustantivo femenino ancestry, ancestors pl; de ascendencia peruana, of Peruvian descent ' ascendencia' also found in these entries: Spanish: casta - influencia - origen English: ancestry - descent

English-spanish dictionary > ascendencia
4 habitant

habitant ['hæbɪtənt]

noun

(a) literary (inhabitant) habitant(e) m,f

(b) American (Canadian of French descent) Canadien(enne) m,f français(e); French Canadian habitant(e) m,f

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > habitant
5 Achard, Franz

SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology

[br]

b. 1753 Germany

d. 1821 Germany

[br]

German scientist of French descent who built the world's first factory to extract sugar from beet.

[br]

The descendant of a French refugee, Achard began the systematic study of beet on his estate at Caulsdorf in 1786. The work had been stimulated by the discovery in 1747 of the presence of sugar in fodder beet. This research had been carried out by Andreas Marggraf, under whom Franz Achard trained. After a fire destroyed his laboratories Achard established himself on the domain of Französisch in Buchholtz near Berlin.

After thirteen years of study he felt sufficiently confident to apply for an interview with Frederick William III, King of Prussia, which took place on 11 January 1799. Achard presented the King with a loaf of sugar made from raw beet by his Sugar Boiling House method. He requested a ten-year monopoly on his idea, as well as the grant of land on which to carry out his work. The King was sufficiently impressed to establish a committee to supervise further trials, and asked Achard to make a public statement on his work. The King ordered a factory to be built at his own expense, and paid Achard a salary to manage it. In 1801 he was granted the domain of Cunern in Silesia; he built his first sugar factory there and began production in 1802. Unfortunately Achard's business skills were negligible, and he was bankrupt within the year. In 1810 the State relieved him of his debt and gave him a pension, and in 1812 the first sugar factory was turned into a school of sugar technology.

[br]

Bibliography

Achard's public response to the King's request was his paper Abhandlungen über die Kultur der Runkelrube.

Further Reading

Noel Deerr, 1950, The History of Sugar, Vol. II, London (deals with the development of sugar extraction from beet, and therefore the story of both Marggraf and Achard).

AP

Biographical history of technology > Achard, Franz
6 stock

1.
[stɒk]noun

1) (origin, family, breed) Abstammung, die

be or come of farming/French stock — bäuerlicher/französischer Herkunft sein

2) (supply, store) Vorrat, der; (in shop etc.) Warenbestand, der

our stocks of food/sherry — unsere Lebensmittelvorräte Pl./unser Vorrat an Sherry (Dat.)

be in stock/out of stock — [Ware:] vorrätig/nicht vorrätig sein

have something in stock — etwas auf od. (Kaufmannsspr.) am Lager haben

keep something in stock — etwas führen

take stock — Inventur machen; (fig.) Bilanz ziehen

take stock of something — (fig.) über etwas (Akk.) Bilanz ziehen

take stock of one's situation/prospects — seine Situation/seine Zukunftsaussichten bestimmen

3) (Cookery) Brühe, die

4) (Finance) Wertpapiere Pl.; (shares) Aktien Pl.

somebody's stock is high/low — (fig.) jmds. Aktien stehen gut/schlecht (fig.)

5) (Hort.) Stamm, der; (for grafting) Unterlage, die

6) (handle) Griff, der; (of gun) Schaft, der

7) (Agric.) Vieh, das

8) (raw material) [Roh]material, das

[film] stock — Filmmaterial, das
2. transitive verb
1) (supply with stock) beliefern

stock a pond/river/lake with fish — einen Teich/Fluss/See mit Fischen besetzen

2) (Commerc.): (keep in stock) auf od. (Kaufmannsspr.) am Lager haben; führen
3. attributive adjective
1) (Commerc.) vorrätig

a stock size/model — eine Standardgröße/ein Standardmodell

2) (fig.): (trite, unoriginal) abgedroschen (ugs.)

stock character — Standardrolle, die

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/92128/stock_up">stock up

* * *
[stok] 1. noun
1) ((often in plural) a store of goods in a shop, warehouse etc: Buy while stocks last!; The tools you require are in / out of stock (= available / not available).) der Vorrat

2) (a supply of something: We bought a large stock of food for the camping trip.) der Vorrat

3) (farm animals: He would like to purchase more (live) stock.) der (Vieh-)Bestand

4) ((often in plural) money lent to the government or to a business company at a fixed interest: government stock; He has $20,000 in stocks and shares.) das Kapital, die Aktie

5) (liquid obtained by boiling meat, bones etc and used for making soup etc.) die Brühe

6) (the handle of a whip, rifle etc.) der Schaft
2. adjective
(common; usual: stock sizes of shoes.) Standard-...
3. verb
1) (to keep a supply of for sale: Does this shop stock writing-paper?) führen

2) (to supply (a shop, farm etc) with goods, animals etc: He cannot afford to stock his farm.) ausstatten

•

- stockist
- stocks
- stockbroker
- stock exchange
- stock market
- stockpile 4. verb
(to accumulate (a supply of this sort).) einen Vorrat anlegen

- stock-still
- stock-taking
- stock up
- take stock
* * *

stock¹

[stɒk, AM stɑ:k]

n

1. no pl FOOD Brühe f, Suppe f ÖSTERR, Bouillon f SCHWEIZ

beef/chicken/vegetable \stock Fleisch-/Hühner-/Gemüsebrühe m, Fleisch-/Hühner-/Gemüsesuppe f ÖSTERR, Fleisch-/Hühner-/Gemüsebouillon f SCHWEIZ

fish \stock Fischfond m

2. (garden flower) Levkoje f

Brompton \stock Brompton Levkoje f

3. (stem of tree) Stamm m; (for grafting) Wildling m, Unterlage f

dwarfing \stock Pfropfunterlage f für einen Zwergbaum

4. (handle) of a tool [Werkzeug]griff m; of a gun Gewehrkolben m, [Gewehr]schaft m

5. (neckwear) steifer Kragen; (for clergy) Halsbinde f

6. ( hist: for punishment)

▪ the \stocks pl der Stock kein pl

7. NAUT (on dry dock)

▪ \stocks pl Baudock nt

stock²

[stɒk, AM stɑ:k]

I. n

1. (reserves) Vorrat m (of an + dat)

a \stock of canned food/oil/wine/wood ein Konserven-/Öl-/Wein-/Holzvorrat m

housing \stock Bestand m an Wohnhäusern

a \stock of data/information ( fig) Daten-/Informationsmaterial nt

a \stock of knowledge ( fig) ein Wissensschatz m

2. no pl (inventory) Bestand m

there has been such a demand for this item that we've run out of \stock die Nachfrage nach diesem Artikel war so groß, dass er uns ausgegangen ist

to be in/out of \stock vorrätig/nicht vorrätig sein

to have sth in \stock etw führen

to take \stock Inventur machen

to take \stock of one's life ( fig) Bilanz aus seinem Leben ziehen

3.

▪ \stocks pl AM (shares in a company) Aktien pl; BRIT (government shares) Staatspapiere pl, Staatsanleihen pl

\stocks and bonds Aktien und Obligationen

\stock and shares Wertpapiere pl, Börsenpapiere pl, Effekten pl

long-dated/short-dated \stocks langfristige/kurzfristige Staatsanleihen

4. no pl (money invested in government) Anleiheschuld f des Staates

5. no pl (capital from shares) Grundkapital nt (einer AG)

6. no pl (livestock) Viehbestand m

7. no pl (line of descent) Abstammung f, Herkunft f; (breeding line) of animals Stammbaum

she's of noble/peasant \stock sie stammt aus einer Adels-/Bauernfamilie

8. no pl ( fig: popularity) Popularität f

the Chancellor's \stock was pretty low der Kanzler schnitt bei den Meinungsumfragen ziemlich schlecht ab

9. no pl (undealt cards) Stoß m

10.

▶ to put \stock in sth viel auf etw akk geben

▶ to not take \stock in sth etw dat keinen Glauben schenken

▶ to be on the \stocks (in construction) in Bau sein; (in preparation) in Arbeit sein

II. adj attr, inv

1. (in inventory) Lager-, Vorrats-

2. (standard) Standard-

\stock phrase Standardsatz m

\stock response Standardantwort f, stereotype Antwort

III. vt

1. (keep in supply)

▪ to \stock sth etw führen [o vorrätig haben

2. (fill up)

▪ to \stock sth etw füllen

his wine cellar is well-\stocked sein Weinkeller ist gut gefüllt

▪ to \stock sth with sth (fill with) etw mit etw dat bestücken; (equip with) library, school etw mit etw dat ausstatten

he \stocked his pond with trout er setzte Forellen in seinen Teich

to \stock a farm eine Farm mit einem Viehbestand versehen

to \stock a pond/river einen Teich/Fluss [mit Fischen] besetzen

to \stock the shelves die Regale auffüllen

3. (supply goods to)

▪ to \stock sb/sth jdn/etw beliefern

* * *
[stɒk]
1. n

1) (= supply) Vorrat m (of an +dat); (COMM) Bestand m (of an +dat)

stock of knowledge stock of information to lay in a stock of wood/candles etc — Wissensschatz m Informationsmaterial nt sich (dat) einen Holz-/Kerzenvorrat etc anlegen

to have sth in stock — etw vorrätig haben

to be in stock/out of stock — vorrätig/nicht vorrätig sein

to keep sth in stock — etw auf Vorrat haben

to get sth from stock — etw vom Lager holen

to take stock (Comm) — Inventur machen; (fig) Bilanz ziehen

to take stock of sb — jdn abschätzen

to take stock of sth (of situation, prospects) — sich (dat) klar werden über etw (acc); of one's life Bilanz aus etw ziehen

surplus stock — Überschuss m

the stock was auctioned — die Bestände wurden versteigert

2) (= livestock) Viehbestand m

some good stock — schönes Vieh

3) (COOK) Brühe f

4) (FIN: capital raised by company) Aktienkapital nt; (= shares held by investor) Anteil m; (= government stock) Staatsanleihe f

to have or hold stock in oil companies — Ölaktien haben

stocks and shares — (Aktien und) Wertpapiere pl, Effekten pl

5) (HORT of tree, plant) Stamm m; (of vine, rose) Stock m; (for grafting onto) Wildling m, Unterlage f; (for supplying grafts) das Edelreis liefernde Pflanze

6) (BOT) Levkoje f

7) (= tribe, race etc) Stamm m; (= descent) Abstammung f, Herkunft f; (LING) (Sprach)familie f, (Sprach)gruppe f

to be or come of good stock — guter Herkunft sein

to be from good farming stock — aus einer alten Bauernfamilie stammen

8) (= handle) Griff m; (of rifle) Schaft m

9)

to be on the stocks (ship) — im Bau sein; (book etc) in Arbeit sein

10) pl (HIST for punishment) Stock m

11) (= neckcloth) Halsbinde f

12) (RAIL) rollendes Material

13) (US THEAT)

to play in summer stock — bei den Sommeraufführungen mitwirken

this play is in their stock — dieses Stück gehört zu ihrem Repertoire

2. adj attr (COMM fig)
Standard-
stock size — Standardgröße f

stock response — Standardantwort f

3. vt

1) (shop etc) goods führen

2) (= provide with stock) cupboard füllen; shop, library ausstatten; pond, river (mit Fischen) besetzen; farm mit einem Viehbestand versehen

* * *

stock [stɒk; US stɑk]

A s

1. (Baum-, Pflanzen) Strunk m

2. fig Klotz m (steifer Mensch)

3. BOT Levkoje f

4. BOT Wurzelstock m

5. AGR (Pfropf-) Unterlage f

6. (Peitschen-, Werkzeug- etc) Griff m

7. MIL

a) (Gewehr) Schaft m

b) (MG-) Schulterstütze f

c) (Lafetten) Balken m

8. TECH

a) Unterlage f, Block m

b) (Amboss) Klotz m

c) Kluppe f, Schneideisenhalter m

d) (Hobel) Kasten m

9. AGR (Pflug) Stock m

10. pl HIST Stock m (Strafmittel)

11. pl SCHIFF Helling f, Stapel m:

be off the stocks

a) vom Stapel (gelaufen) sein,

b) fig fertig oder vollendet sein;

have sth on the stocks fig etwas in Arbeit haben;

be on the stocks fig im Werden sein

12. TECH (Grund-, Werk) Stoff m, (Verarbeitungs) Material n, (Füll- etc) Gut n

13. (Fleisch-, Gemüse) Brühe f (als Suppengrundlage)

14. a) besonders HIST steifer Kragen

b) besonders MIL Halsbinde f

15. (Bienen) Stock m

16. BIOL

a) Urtyp m

b) Rasse f

17. a) Rasse f, (Menschen)Schlag m

b) Familie f, Her-, Abkunft f

18. LING

a) Sprachstamm m

b) Sprachengruppe f

19. a) allg Vorrat m, Bestand m ( beide:

of an dat)

b) WIRTSCH (Waren)Lager n, Inventar n:

stock (on hand) Warenbestand;

in (out of) stock (nicht) vorrätig oder auf Lager;

take stock Inventur machen, a. fig (eine) Bestandsaufnahme machen, fig Bilanz ziehen;

take stock of fig sich klar werden über (akk), jemanden od etwas abschätzen; → last² A 5

20. WIRTSCH Ware(n) f(pl)

21. fig (Wissens- etc) Schatz m

22. a) Vieh(bestand) n(m), lebendes Inventar

b) auch dead stock totes Inventar, Material n: → fat A 1, rolling stock

23. WIRTSCH

a) Anleihekapital n

b) Wertpapiere pl (über Anleihekapital)

24. WIRTSCH

a) Grundkapital n

b) Aktienkapital n

c) Geschäftsanteil m

25. WIRTSCH

a) besonders US Aktie(n) f(pl)

b) pl Aktien pl

c) pl Effekten pl, Wertpapiere pl:

hold stocks in a company Aktionär(in) einer Gesellschaft sein;

his stock has gone up seine Aktien sind gestiegen (a. fig)

26. WIRTSCH

a) Schuldverschreibung f

b) pl Br Staatspapiere pl

27. THEAT

a) Repertoire n

b) US Repertoiretheater n

28. US → stock car

B adj

1. stets vorrätig, Lager…, Serien…:

stock model Serienmodell n;

stock size Standardgröße f

2. Lager…:

stock clerk Lagerverwalter(in), Lagerist(in)

3. fig stehend, stereotyp, pej abgedroschen (Phrasen)

4. Vieh(zucht)…, Zucht…:

stock farm Viehfarm f;

stock mare Zuchtstute f

5. WIRTSCH besonders US Aktien…

6. THEAT Repertoire…:

stock play

C v/t

1. ausstatten, versorgen, -sehen ( alle:

with mit)

2. auch stock up auf Lager legen oder haben, einen Vorrat halten von, (auf)speichern

3. WIRTSCH Ware vorrätig haben, führen:

be well stocked with gut sortiert sein in (dat)

4. AGR

a) eine Farm ( besonders mit Vieh) ausstatten

b) auch stock down Land ( besonders mit Gras) bepflanzen:

stock a stream with trout einen Bach mit Forellen besetzen

5. ein Gewehr, Werkzeug etc schäften

6. HIST jemanden in den Stock legen (als Bestrafung)

D v/i oft stock up sich eindecken (on mit)

stk abk WIRTSCH stock

* * *
1.
[stɒk]noun

1) (origin, family, breed) Abstammung, die

be or come of farming/French stock — bäuerlicher/französischer Herkunft sein

2) (supply, store) Vorrat, der; (in shop etc.) Warenbestand, der

our stocks of food/sherry — unsere Lebensmittelvorräte Pl./unser Vorrat an Sherry (Dat.)

be in stock/out of stock — [Ware:] vorrätig/nicht vorrätig sein

have something in stock — etwas auf od. (Kaufmannsspr.) am Lager haben

keep something in stock — etwas führen

take stock — Inventur machen; (fig.) Bilanz ziehen

take stock of something — (fig.) über etwas (Akk.) Bilanz ziehen

take stock of one's situation/prospects — seine Situation/seine Zukunftsaussichten bestimmen

3) (Cookery) Brühe, die

4) (Finance) Wertpapiere Pl.; (shares) Aktien Pl.

somebody's stock is high/low — (fig.) jmds. Aktien stehen gut/schlecht (fig.)

5) (Hort.) Stamm, der; (for grafting) Unterlage, die

6) (handle) Griff, der; (of gun) Schaft, der

7) (Agric.) Vieh, das

8) (raw material) [Roh]material, das

[film] stock — Filmmaterial, das
2. transitive verb
1) (supply with stock) beliefern

stock a pond/river/lake with fish — einen Teich/Fluss/See mit Fischen besetzen

2) (Commerc.): (keep in stock) auf od. (Kaufmannsspr.) am Lager haben; führen
3. attributive adjective
1) (Commerc.) vorrätig

a stock size/model — eine Standardgröße/ein Standardmodell

2) (fig.): (trite, unoriginal) abgedroschen (ugs.)

stock character — Standardrolle, die

Phrasal Verbs:

- stock up

* * *

n.

Inventar -e n.

Lager -- n.

Lagerbestand m.

Vorrat -¨e m.

English-german dictionary > stock
7 ancestry

ˈænsɪstrɪ сущ.
1) предки, прародители to trace one's ancestry ≈ рисовать родословную, восстанавливать родословную to be of French ancestry ≈ французского происхождения
2) происхождение;
родословная Syn: descent
род, происхождение;
родословная - of French * родом из Франции древний род - famous by * родовитый( собирательнле) предки, праотцы, прародители происхождение или история развития явления, идеи, стиля

ancestry предки ~ происхождение;
родословная

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > ancestry
8 in

[ɪn] 1. предл.
1)

а) внутри, в, на, в пределах

dried in a furnace — высушенный в горниле

His chamber in Merton Coll. — Его комната в Мертон Колл.

I never saw greater devotion in any countenance. — Ни на одном лице я не видел выражения большей религиозности.

They are in the open sea. — Они в открытом море.

Hundreds lay languishing in prison. — В тюрьме гноили тысячи.

The worthiest man in Europe. — Самый богатый человек в Европе.

A word rings in my memory. — Мне все вспоминается одно слово.

She bathes in water. — Она купается в воде.

Thou (= you) wilt (= will) not leave us here in the dust. — Ты не оставишь нас здесь в пыли.

Groping in the dark. — Ползая во тьме.

б) из, среди, как часть

Ninety-nine in a hundred were attentive. — Из сотни внимательны были девяносто девять.

A debtor offered 6s. in the pound. — Должник предложил шесть шиллингов на каждый фунт.

The plaintiff applied for shares in this company. — Истец требовал доли в этой фирме.

- in places
- in parts
в) с характерными признаками в виде

A lovely girl in mourning is sitting. — Сидит милая девушка в трауре.

I am to be hanged in chains. — Меня закуют в цепи и подвесят.

During the descent Tuckett and I were in the same cord with them. — Во время спуска я и Такетт были в одной с ними связке.

г) в, внутрь, в центр, в направлении к

The said John cast the said writing in the fire. — Указанный Джон бросил указанную бумагу в огонь.

He plunged his lousy head in the pillows. — Он зарылся своей вшивой башкой в подушки.

д) ( in-) внутренний, не выходящий за пределы (процесса, организации)

Our in-company training programs. — Наши внутрифирменные программы обучения.

In-process gauging could halt waste. — Измерения по ходу процесса могут предотвратить потери.

For drying grass seed, the in-sack drier had many advantages. — Что касается сушки травяных семян, внутримешочная сушка имеет много преимуществ.

Development of in-service training for staff nurses. — Разработка программы обучения медсестер без отрыва от производства.

2)

а) во время, в течение

In the beginning God made of nought heaven and earth. — Вначале сотворил Господь небо и землю.

He was never so afraid in his days. — Никогда в жизни он не был так испуган.

Common in times of famine. — Обычное дело в голодные времена.

Between the hours of twelve and four in the morning. — Между двенадцатью и четырьмя часами утра.

All the gentlemen's houses you'll see in a railway excursion. — Все дома дворянства вы увидите во время железнодорожной экскурсии.

No Sunday shower kept him at home in that important hour. — Никакой дождь не мог удержать его дома в воскресенье в такое важное время.

б) за (истечением), в течение, в пределах

Men may sail it in seven days. — За семь дней это можно переплыть.

From this machine gun 1,000 bullets can be discharged in a single minute. — Этот пулемет имеет скорострельность 1000 пуль в минуту.

By working hard he could make one in a week. — Напряженно работая, он мог сделать одну такую вещь за неделю.

He died in three months. — Он умер через три месяца.

I came back from Oxford in ten days. — Через десять дней я вернулся из Оксфорда.

The succeeding four months in which we continued at sea. — Следующие четыре месяца, в течение которых мы были в море.

в) на протяжении

He was hungry as he had not been in months. — Ни разу за все прошедшие месяцы он не был так голоден, как сейчас.

Arlene said that she had not played tennis in three years. — Арлин говорит, что три года не играла в теннис.

3)

а) из (какого-л. материала)

A statue of a horse in brass. — Медная статуя лошади.

A long coat in green velvet. — Длинный плащ из зеленого бархата.

б) в объёме, в размере

In the main they agree with us. — В основном они с нами согласны.

Any act repealing in whole or in part any former statute. — Любой закон, отменяющий полностью или частично предыдущий статут.

Drift-wood was lying about in large quantities. — Плавник был разбросан повсюду в огромных количествах.

в) в качестве; взамен, вместо; в виде

She thus in answer spake (= spoke). — В ответ она сказала так.

He has written to the newspaper in reply to his assailant. — Он написал в газету письмо в ответ на нападки.

4)

а) в пределах досягаемости

All is in my sight. — Все доступно моему взору.

б) в качестве, в порядке

The living of Framley was in the gift of the Lufton family. — Содержание Фреймли было подарком от семьи Лафтонов, было содержанием, сутью дара семьи Лафтонов.

It was in newspapers. — Об этом писали в газетах.

в) в рядах, в кругу, в курсе

A friend of mine is in the army. — Один мой друг служит в армии.

Mind I'm in it. — Помни, я в деле.

I thought I really was in it at last, and knew what she meant. — Я полагал, что меня наконец "допустили", что я понимал, что она имеет в виду.

To those in it every sound conveys a meaning. — Для посвященных каждый звук наполнен смыслом.

г) в руках, в ведении, во власти; в стиле, в духе

The government of Greece is in the king. — Исполнительная власть в Греции принадлежит королю.

It is in me to punish you. — У меня есть право тебя наказывать.

His lordship knows rudeness is not in me. — Его превосходительство знает, что грубости не в моем духе.

Anyone who has it in him to do heroic deeds. — Любой человек, обладающий способностью совершать геройские поступки, способный на геройство.

The minerals, therefore, are in the trustees. — По этой причине камни хранятся у доверенных лиц.

д) в (о наличии интереса, "изюминки" в чем-л., о сравнительном достоинстве кого-л. / чего-л.)

The first round there was nothing much in it. — В первом раунде не произошло ничего особенного.

The "Washingtonologists" in Moscow must be getting their files out to see what is in it for the Soviet Union, and for the world. — "Вашингтонологи" в Москве, должно быть, роются сейчас в своих досье, пытаясь понять, что это означает для Советского Союза, да и для планеты вообще.

I can't see what there was in it for Mrs Plum. — Не могу понять, что это так заинтересовало миссис Плам.

I thought the Party knew all the technique there is about handling people, but they're not in it with the Church. — Я полагал, партия умела управлять людьми, но на самом деле до церкви ей конечно далеко.

All people are killers, potentially. Tigers aren't in it with people. — Все люди - потенциальные убийцы, куда там тиграм, тигры отдыхают!

5)

а) в состоянии, в положении

a cow in milk — дойная корова

Groping in our blindness we may seem big now, but, really, we're so small. (P. Hammill) — Мы идём по жизни на ощупь, как слепые, и кажемся порой великими, но, по правде, мы столь ничтожны.

All the Court was in a hubbub. — В зале суда бушевала буря.

Her husband has been in love with her ever since he knew her. — Её муж влюбился в неё ещё тогда, когда впервые её увидел.

You are absolutely forbidden speaking to him in private. — Вам категорически запрещается разговаривать с ним в приватной обстановке / с глазу на глаз.

The sea was in a blaze for many miles. — Море сверкало на много миль вперёд.

б) в процессе, в ходе

The Lacedemonians are already in labour of the war. — Лакедемоняне уже воюют.

In search of plunder. — В поисках, чего бы пограбить.

They have been in almost every variety of crime, from petty larceny down to downright murder. — Они совершили все возможные преступления, от простых краж прямо-таки до убийств.

He was drowned in crossing the river. — Он утонул, переправляясь через реку.

в) употребляется при указании на способ действия; переводится обычно наречиями или наречными оборотами; употребления часто сходны с аналогичными употреблениями предлога with

in the manner anciently used — cпособом, известным с древности

He told several people in confidence. — Он рассказал некоторым доверенным лицам.

He begged in piteous terms that he might be admitted to the royal presence. — Он униженно просил аудиенции у короля.

Among the trees in pairs they rose, they walked. (J. Milton, Paradise Lost, Book VII) — Попарно звери встали меж дерев и разминулись по местам своим. (пер. А. Штейнберга)

A hawk flew in a circle, screaming. — Крича, летал кругами ястреб.

He spoke in a strong French accent. — Он говорил с сильным французским акцентом

Bede is writing in a dead language, Gregory in a living. (M. Pattison) — Беда Достопочтенный пишет на мёртвом языке, папа Григорий I на живом.

A French ship ballasted in mahogany. — Французский корабль, груженый красным деревом.

Half-length portraits, in crayons. — Карандашные рисунки в половину роста.

6)

а) для, внутри; само по себе ( с возвратными местоимениями)

Of things absolutely or in themselves. — О вещах безотносительно к чему бы то ни было или о вещах самих по себе.

The story may be true in itself. — Сам по себе рассказ может быть правдив.

б) поэт. во (имя), ради

As in Adam all men die, so in Christ all men shall be resurrected. ( Bible) — Как в Адаме все умирают, так во Христе все оживут.

Blessed are the dead men, that die in the Lord. ( Bible) — Отныне блаженны мёртвые, умирающие в Господе.

в) в лице, в роли, по отношению к

I am to come out in Hamlet, in Laertes. — Мне предстоит играть в "Гамлете" Лаэрта.

Dread no thief in me! — Не бойся, я не вор!

How great a captain England possessed in her future King. — Какого великого полководца имела Британия в лице своего будущего короля!

All the thirty were in politics vehemently opposed to the prisoner. — Что касается политических взглядов, все тридцать были из противной узнику партии.

•

Gram:

[ref dict="LingvoGrammar (En-Ru)"]in[/ref]
2. нареч.
1) внутри; внутрь; с внутренней стороны

coat with furry side in — дублёнка ( мехом внутрь)

2) рядом, поблизости

Syn:

near 2.
3. сущ.
1)

а) ( the ins) разг. политическая партия, находящаяся у власти

- ins and outs

б) высокопоставленный чиновник

2) влияние, воздействие

the same sort of in — такое же воздействие

Syn:

influence 1., pull 1.
4. прил.
1)

а) расположенный внутри

б) внутренний, для внутреннего пользования

in information — внутренняя (секретная) информация

•

Syn:

inner

2) разг. находящийся у власти

- in party

3)

а) направленный внутрь

б) приближающийся, прибывающий

I saw the in train. — Я увидел прибывающий поезд.

Syn:

incoming 2.

4) разг.

а) модный

the in thing to do — самое модное увлечение

б) поддающийся влиянию моды ( о людях)

Англо-русский современный словарь > in
9 A Portuguesa

   The official Portuguese national anthem since 1911. A Portuguesa, which means "The Portuguese Woman," refers to the historical symbolic female figure or "Lady Republic," a Portuguese woman who wears republican garb, including a republican banner or flag and a Phrygian bonnet. The concept and name were modeled on the similar figure from the French Revolution of 1789, and the name of the French national anthem, "The Woman from Marseilles," and republican symbols from France's Third Republic. Under the constitutional monarchy, the national anthem was called "The Hymn of the Charter," referring to the 1826 Charter or constitution drafted by Emperor Pedro I of Brazil or Pedro IV of Portugal to replace the controversial 1822 Constitution.

    A Portuguesa was composed during the popular frenzy and outcry generated by the English Ultimatum crisis of January 1890. Portugal capitulated to an English ultimatum presented to Lisbon by London during an Anglo-Portuguese conflict over possession of territory in central-east Africa. Intense feelings of patriotism, nationalism, and xenophobia were generated in the wake of the Lisbon government's capitulation and its subsequent resignation from office. Inspired by the popular reaction to this incident, Alfredo Keil, a Portuguese musician and opera composer of German descent, wrote the music for A Portuguesa, whose melody bears a slight resemblance to that of the stirring Internationale. The sentimental, bellicose lyrics were written by Keil's friend, Lopes de Mendonça.

    See also Ultimatum, English.

   During the remaining years of the waning monarchy, A Portuguesa was sung as a rallying cry by republican partisans who wished to abolish the monarchy. The song's spirit is not only nationalistic, but is imbued with an imperative of Portuguese national revival in order to remind the people of their greatness of centuries ago. After the First Republic replaced the monarchy, the republic's Constituent Assembly adopted A Portuguesa as the country's national anthem in June 1911, and it has remained so ever since. The first verse with chorus imparts the spirit of the entire patriotic message of the anthem:

    A Portuguesa

   Heroes of the sea, noble race

   valiant and immortal nation,

   now is the hour to raise up on high once more

   Portugal's splendor.

   From out of the mists of memory,

   of Homeland, we hear the voices

   of your great forefathers

   that shall lead you on to victory!

    Chorus:

   To arms, to arms

   on land and sea!

   To arms, to arms

   to fight for our Homeland!

   To march against the enemy guns!

Historical dictionary of Portugal > A Portuguesa
10 nation

генд. нация

В сочетании с названием нации или народа употребляется с определенным артиклем.

nation — an aggregation of people or peoples of one or more cultures, races, etc., organized into a single state: the Australian nation; a community of persons not constituting a state but bound by common descent, language, history, etc.: the French-Canadian nation

Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > nation
11 birth

bə:Ɵ
noun

1) ((an) act of coming into the world, being born: the birth of her son; deaf since birth.) nacimiento

2) (the beginning: the birth of civilization.) nacimiento, comienzo, inicio

•

- birth control
- birthday
- birthmark
- birthplace
- birthrate
- give birth to
- give birth

birth n nacimiento

the birth of a baby el nacimiento de un bebé

what is your date of birth? ¿cuál es tu fecha de nacimiento?

to give birth dar a luz

she gave birth to twins tuvo gemelos

birth

tr[bɜːɵ]

noun

1 nacimiento

■ he was present at his son's birth asistió al nacimiento de su hijo

■ the birth of civilization el nacimiento de la civilización

2 SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL parto

■ it was a difficult birth el parto fue difícil

3 (descent) linaje nombre masculino

■ he is of noble birth es de linaje noble

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to give birth to (child) dar a luz a 2 figurative use dar lugar a

to be of humble birth ser de origen humilde

birth certificate partida de nacimiento

birth control control nombre masculino de la natalidad

birth ['bərɵ] n

1) : nacimiento m, parto m

2) origin: origen m, nacimiento m

birth

n.

• alumbramiento s.m.

• nacimiento s.m.

• origen s.m.

• principio s.m.

bɜːrθ, bɜːθ
mass & count noun nacimiento m; ( childbirth) parto m

at birth — al nacer

he's Irish by birth — es irlandés de nacimiento

date of birth — fecha f de nacimiento

to be of humble/noble birth — (liter) ser* de humilde cuna/de noble linaje (liter)

to give birth — dar* a luz, parir

to give birth to something — dar* origen a algo

[bɜːθ]
1.

N (gen) nacimiento m ; (Med) parto m ; (fig) nacimiento m, surgimiento m

at birth — al nacer

French by birth — francés de nacimiento

of humble birth — de origen humilde

place of birth — lugar m de nacimiento

to give birth to — (lit) dar a luz a; (fig) dar origen a

to be in at the birth of — (fig) asistir al nacimiento de

the birth of an idea — el origen de una idea

2.

CPD

birth canal N — canal m uterino

birth certificate N — partida f de nacimiento

birth control N — control m de la natalidad

method of birth control — método m anticonceptivo

birth control pill N — píldora f anticonceptiva

birth defect N — defecto m congénito, defecto m de nacimiento

birth mother N — madre f biológica

birth pill N — = birth control pill

birth plan N — [of pregnant woman] plan m para el parto

birth rate N — tasa f or índice m de natalidad

birth sign N — (=sign of the zodiac) signo m del zodiaco

what's your birth sign? — ¿de qué signo eres?

birth weight N — [of newborn baby] peso m al nacer

* * *
[bɜːrθ, bɜːθ]
mass & count noun nacimiento m; ( childbirth) parto m

at birth — al nacer

he's Irish by birth — es irlandés de nacimiento

date of birth — fecha f de nacimiento

to be of humble/noble birth — (liter) ser* de humilde cuna/de noble linaje (liter)

to give birth — dar* a luz, parir

to give birth to something — dar* origen a algo

English-spanish dictionary > birth
12 obscure

əb'skjuə 1. adjective
1) (not clear; difficult to see: an obscure corner of the library.) uklar, utydelig

2) (not well-known: an obscure author.) ukjent, upåaktet

3) (difficult to understand: an obscure poem.) dunkel
2. verb
(to make obscure: A large tree obscured the view.) formørke, skjule

- obscurely
- obscurity

dunkel
--------
mørk
--------
uforståelig
--------
uklar
--------
vag

I
verb \/əbˈskjʊə\/

1) fordunkle, formørke, skygge

• mist obscured the view

tåke skjulte for utsikten

2) ( overført) fordunkle, tilsløre, forvirre, tåkelegge

• he obscured the issue

han tåkela kjensgjerningene

3) ( overført) stille i skyggen

4) (språkvitenskap, om vokal) redusere
II
adj. \/əbˈskjʊə\/

1) dunkel, mørk, matt, obskur

• he moved into an obscure corner

han flyttet seg inn i et mørkt hjørne

2) utydelig, uklar

• she heard an obscure sound

hun hørte en uklar lyd

3) vanskelig, uklar

• I have some questions about an obscure passage in the book

jeg har noen spørsmål angående et uklart avsnitt i boken

4) ubemerket, ukjent, lite kjent, obskur

• an obscure French artist comes to visit

en ukjent fransk kunstner kommer på besøk

• she has always led an obscure life

hun har alltid ført en ubemerket tilværelse

5) ubetydelig, lav, ringe

• he's of obscure descent

han er av lav byrd

6) avsides, avsidesliggende, bortgjemt, skjult

• they did an obscure retreat

de foretok en skjult tilbaketrekning

• she was found in an obscure little town

hun ble funnet i en avsidesliggende liten by

7) ( språkvitenskap) redusert

• it is pronounced as an obscure vowel

det uttales som en redusert vokal

English-Norwegian dictionary > obscure
13 ancestry

['ænsestrɪ]
сущ.

1) предки, прародители

to trace one's ancestry — восстанавливать, прослеживать родословную

to be of French ancestry — быть родом из Франции

2) происхождение; родословная

Syn:

descent

Англо-русский современный словарь > ancestry
14 ancestry

1. n род, происхождение; родословная

of French ancestry — родом из Франции

common ancestry — общее происхождение

2. n древний род

famous by ancestry — родовитый

3. n собир. предки, праотцы, прародители

Синонимический ряд:

1. ancestors (noun) ancestors; family; progenitors; roots

2. genealogy (noun) birth; blood; bloodline; breed; derivation; descent; extraction; family tree; genealogy; heritage; line; lineage; origin; parentage; pedigree; race; seed; species; stock

Антонимический ряд:

descendants; progeny

English-Russian base dictionary > ancestry
15 take

1. n захват, взятие; получение

2. n сл. выручка, барыши; сбор

3. n получка

4. n улов

great take of fish — большой улов рыбы

5. n добыча

6. n аренда

take on lease — брать внаем; брать в аренду

take a lease of — брать внаем; брать в аренду

7. n арендованный участок

flatcars often take trucks piggyback from one place to another — автомобили часто перевозят по железной дороге на открытых платформах

8. n разг. популярная песенка, пьеса

9. n мед. проф. хорошо принявшаяся прививка

take in good part — хорошо принимать

take a good turn — принять хороший оборот

10. n полигр. «урок» наборщика

lean take — урок наборщика, содержащий трудоемкий для набора материал

11. n кино снятый кадр, кинокадр, дубль

no good take — бракованный кинокадр

12. n мед. пересадка

successful takes — успешные операции по запись

13. v брать; хватать

to take a pencil — взять карандаш

to take money from a friend — взять деньги у друга

he took the book from the table — он взял книгу со стола

take a sheet of paper from the drawer — возьми лист бумаги из ящика стола

take on — брать; браться

take along — брать с собой

take samples — брать пробы

take the floor — брать слово

take time off — брать отпуск

14. v захватывать; овладевать, завоёвывать

to take a fortress — брать крепость

to take prisoners — захватывать пленных

take hold — захватывать

take the objective — захватывать рубеж

15. v ловить

to take fish — ловить рыбу

16. v разг. овладевать, брать

to take in washing — брать на дом стирку

take from — брать; взять; отнимать; отнять

to take its rise — брать начало, начинаться

take as collateral — брать в качестве залога

take with you — брать с собой; взять с собой

17. v уносить, сводить в могилу

pneumonia took him — воспаление лёгких свело его в могилу, он умер от воспаления лёгких

I recommend you to take a holiday — советую вам взять отпуск

she will take care of your bones — она позаботится о вас

to take up with young folks — водить дружбу с молодёжью

to take pains, to spare no pains — прилагать все усилия

take off power to the shaft — отбирать мощность на вал

18. v присваивать, брать

who has taken my pen? — кто взял мою ручку?

take the level — брать отсчеты нивелиром

to take away the garbage — убрать мусор

take a vehicle in tow — брать машину на буксир

take in hand — браться; взяться; предпринимать

take either of the cakes — берите любое пирожное

19. v отбирать, забирать

they took his dog from him — они у него забрали собаку

20. v пользоваться; получать; приобретать

to take lessons — брать уроки

to take a book from the library — взять книгу в библиотеке

to take a taxi — брать такси

take out of bond — получать прибыль от облигации

take the debt out in — получать в счет долга

to take title — приобретать правовой титул

take the form of — приобретать форму

take the form — приобретать форму

21. v выбирать

to take a role — выбрать себе роль

take what you like — возьми что хочешь

he took the largest piece of cake — он взял себе самый большой кусок пирога

to take the shortest way — выбрать кратчайший путь

to take the wrong road — сбиться с пути

which route shall you take? — какой дорогой вы пойдёте ?

take your choice of rooms — выбирайте любую комнату

take out a patent — взять патент; выбирать патент

take an instruction — выбирать команду

take up backlash — выбирать зазор

take up slack — выбирать слабину

22. v покупать

to take tickets — брать билеты

to take seats in advance — приобрести билеты заблаговременно

I shall take this hat — я возьму эту шляпу

I take bread here — я покупаю хлеб здесь

take stock in — покупать акции

to take stock in — покупать акции; вступать в пай

23. v выигрывать; брать, бить

to take a bishop — взять слона

take the charge of — брать на хранение; принимать управление

to take a child away from school — забрать ребёнка из школы

to take a fortress by assault — брать крепость приступом

to take a nest — разорить гнездо, брать яйца или птенцов

to take goods out of storage — брать товары со склада

24. v юр. вступать во владение, наследовать

the eldest son shall take — наследует старший сын

take control — взять в свои руки руководство

take a view — высказывать свою точку зрения

to take by descent — наследовать по закону

take up the struggle — вступать в борьбу

take possession — вступать во владение

25. v доставать, добывать

to take coal — добывать уголь

take up money — доставать деньги

to take up money — доставать деньги

26. v взимать, собирать; добиваться уплаты

to take money for admission — взимать плату за приём

take the crop — убирать урожай; собирать урожай

27. v получать, зарабатывать

to take 100 dollars a week — зарабатывать сто долларов в неделю

take a prize — получать приз

take up a loan — получать заем

take up the loan — получать заем

take that ! — получай!, вот тебе!

28. v принимать; соглашаться

to take an offer — принимать предложение

to take bribes — брать взятки

to take ?50 for the picture — взять пятьдесят фунтов за картину

how much less will you take? — на сколько вы сбавите цену?, сколько вы уступите?

if the magazine takes my article — если этот журнал примет мою статью

take what he offers you — возьми то, что он тебе предлагает

I will take no denial — отказа я не приму; не вздумайте отказываться

I am not taking orders from you — я вам не подчиняюсь, я не буду выполнять ваши приказы;

I will not take such treatment — я не потерплю такого обращения

to take part in conversation — принимать участие в разговоре

take part in competition — принимать участие в соревнованиях

to take hard — принимать близко к сердцу; тяжело переживать

take over the liabilities — принимать на себя обязательства

take over property — принимать ответственность за имущество

29. v воспринимать, реагировать

to take it all in good fun — отнестись ко всему этому с юмором

I wonder how he will take it — интересно, как он к этому отнесётся

he took the joke in earnest — он не понял шутки, он принял шутку всерьёз

he is really kind-hearted if you take him the right way — он, в сущности, добрый человек, если правильно его воспринимать

this is no way to take his behaviour — на его поведение нужно реагировать не так

to take things as they are — принимать вещи такими, какие они есть

you must not take it ill of him — вы не должны сердиться на него; он не хотел вас обидеть

take thrust — воспринимать тягу

take loads — воспринимать нагрузки

30. v понимать; толковать

to take a hint — понять намёк

I take your meaning — я вас понимаю, я понимаю, что вы хотите сказать

I take you — я вас понимаю, я понимаю, что вы хотите сказать

31. v полагать, считать; заключать

to take the news to be true — считать эти сведения верными

what time do you take it to be? — как вы думаете, сколько сейчас времени?

how old do you take him to be? — сколько лет вы ему дадите?

take it that — полагать

32. v верить; считать истинным

take it from me that he means what he says — поверьте мне, он не шутит

33. v охватывать, овладевать

an intense despair took him — его охватило полное отчаяние

when love takes a man — когда любовь овладевает человеком

his conscience takes him when he is sober — когда он трезв, его мучают угрызения совести

what has taken the boy? — что нашло на мальчика?

he was taken by violent shaking — он весь задрожал

34. v захватывать, увлекать; нравиться

this author takes his readers with him — этот автор увлекает читателей

35. v иметь успех, становиться популярным

take place — случаться; происходить; иметь место

to take place — случаться, иметь место

36. v записывать, регистрировать, протоколировать

to take notes — делать заметки

to take notes of a lecture — записывать лекцию

take a drift — регистрировать снос

37. v снимать, фотографировать

to take a photograph of a tower — сфотографировать башню, сделать снимок башни

take the readings — производить отсчет; снимать показания

to take the scum off the soup — снимать пену с супа

to take pictures — производить съёмку, снимать

take out of service — снимать с эксплуатации

take a picture — снимать; фотографировать

38. v выходить, получаться на фотографии

he does not take well, he takes badly — он плохо выходит на фотографии; он нефотогеничен

take to the open — выходить из укрытий

take to the streets — выходить на улицы

to take up photography — заняться фотографией

take the air — выходить на воздух; отлетать; отлететь

to take a call — выходить на аплодисменты, раскланиваться

39. v использовать в качестве примера

take the French Revolution — возьмите Французскую революцию

take off weight — взлетный вес

to take everything off — всё убрать

take two aspirins — примите две таблетки аспирина

take up a quota — использовать квоту; выбрать квоту

this will take you nowhere — это ничего вам не даст

40. v вмешать

this car takes only five — в этой машине может поместиться только пять человек

41. v требовать; отнимать

it takes time, means and skill — на это нужно время, средства и умение

the stuff takes sixty hours in burning — это вещество сгорает за шестьдесят часов

how long will it take you to translate this article? — сколько времени уйдёт у вас на перевод этой статьи?

it took him three years to write the book — ему потребовалось три года, чтобы написать книгу

this trip will take a lot of money — на эту поездку уйдёт много денег

the piano would take much room — пианино заняло бы много места

it takes some pluck to do our work — для нашей работы требуется немало мужества

it takes a man to do this — это под силу только мужчине

it took four men to hold him — потребовалось четыре человека, чтобы его удержать

it takes a poet to translate poetry — только поэт может переводить стихи

it takes two to make a quarrel — для ссоры нужны двое

it would take volumes to relate — нужны тома, чтобы это рассказать

it takes a lot of doing — это сделать довольно трудно, это не так-то просто сделать

the work took some doing — работа потребовала усилий, работа попалась нелёгкая

to take a bit of doing — требовать затраты усилий

take the wind — отнимать ветер

42. v требовать, нуждаться

he took two hours to get there — ему потребовалось два часа, чтобы добраться туда; дорога туда отняла у него два часа

take time — требовать времени

43. v цепляться; застревать, запутываться

the anchor took in the seaweed — якорь запутался в водорослях

44. v жениться; выходить замуж

he is going to take a wife — он собирается жениться

to take a wife — жениться

45. v действовать; приниматься

the vaccination did not take — оспа не привилась

take as a datum — принимать за нуль; принимать за начало

take over the duties of — принимать на себя обязанности

take delivery of stocks — принимать предъявляемые акции

take nothing for granted — ничего не принимать на веру

take over the loan — принимать обязательства по ссуде

46. v держаться, закрепляться, оставаться

this ink does not take on glossy paper — этими чернилами нельзя писать на глянцевой бумаге

to take a middle course — держаться середины

to take odds — держать пари на выгодных для себя условиях

47. v амер. схватываться, замерзать

the pond has taken — пруд замёрз

48. v тех. твердеть, схватываться

take hold of — схватывать; схватить

49. v разг. становиться, делаться

to take sick — заболеть, захворать; приболеть

to take attendance — делать перекличку

take the plunge — делать решительный шаг

take stock of — делать переучет; критически оценивать

to take exercise — делать моцион, гулять; делать гимнастику

to take turns — делать по очереди; чередоваться, сменяться

Синонимический ряд:

1. catch (noun) catch; haul; loot

2. net (noun) net; proceeds; profit; returns

3. act (verb) act; behave; function; operate; react; work

4. adopt (verb) adopt; discharge; perform; utilise; utilize

5. apprehend (verb) apprehend; compass; comprehend; cotton on to; cotton to; follow; heed; make out; see; tumble to; twig

6. appropriate (verb) accroach; annex; appropriate; arrogate; assume; commandeer; confiscate; expropriate; preempt; pre-empt; sequester; usurp

7. ask (verb) ask; call for; crave; demand; entail; involve; necessitate; require

8. attract (verb) allure; attract; bewitch; captivate; charm; derive; draw; enchant; engage; fascinate; hold; interest; magnetize; wile

9. bear (verb) abide; accept; admit; bear; brook; digest; down; endure; go; lump; receive; stand; stick out; stomach; suffer; support; sustain; swallow; sweat out; take in; tolerate; undertake

10. buy (verb) buy; purchase

11. carry (verb) bring; carry; convey; deliver; fetch; transfer; transport

12. catch (verb) bag; capture; catch; collar; nail; overhaul; overtake; prehend

13. cheat (verb) beat; bilk; boodle; cheat; chisel; chouse; cozen; defraud; diddle; do; flimflam; gull; gyp; mulct; overreach; ream; sucker; swindle; victimise

14. choose (verb) choose; cull; elect; mark; opt for; optate; pick; pick out; prefer; select; single out

15. deduct (verb) deduct; discount; draw back; knock off; substract; subtract; take away; take off; take out

16. determine (verb) ascertain; determine; fix

17. eat (verb) devour; eat; feed on; ingest; meal; partake of

18. embrace (verb) clasp; embrace; grasp; grip

19. escort (verb) accompany; conduct; escort; lead

20. experience (verb) experience; feel; observe; perceive; sense

21. get (verb) acquire; come down with; contract; develop; gain; get; net; obtain; procure; secure; sicken; sicken of; sicken with; win

22. pilfer (verb) pilfer; steal

23. read (verb) construe; interpret; read

24. seize (verb) clutch; grab; grapple; nab; seize; snatch; strike

25. surprise (verb) board; hit on; surprise

26. treat (verb) deal with; handle; play; serve; treat; use

27. understand (verb) believe; conceive; consider; expect; gather; imagine; presume; regard; suppose; suspect; think; understand

28. use up (verb) consume; occupy; use up

Антонимический ряд:

add; give; loss; miss; reject; repel; surrender

English-Russian base dictionary > take
16 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE

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   ■ TRAVEL AND TOURIST GUIDES ON PORTUGAL

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   ■ World War II and Portugal

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   ■. "And Who is My Neighbor? A World War II Hero of Conscience for Portugal." Luso-Brazilian Review 23 (no. 2) (Summer 1989), 119-39.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question, and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, WI), 23 (nos.1, 2) (Summer, 1986; Winter, 1986). 97-111; 108-127.

   ■. "Last of the Great Air Mysteries of the War [World War II]." Bridport and Lyme Regis Gazette (Dorset, U.K.), June 5, 2003, 24-25.

   ■. "Leslie Howard Helped Win World War II," St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, Mo.), April 3, 5, 2005.

   ■ Wilson, Robert. A Small Death in Lisbon. London, 2000.

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   ■ The Military

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General. Historia do Exercito Portugues. Lisbon: Inquerito, 1945.

   ■ Kaulza de Arriaga, General. Guerra e Politica. Em nome da verdade. Os anos decisivos. Lisbon: Referendo, 1987.

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   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm, 1977.

   ■ Ribeiro Dos Santos, Antonio Pedro. O Estado E A Order Publica. As Institui-coes Militares Portuguesas. Lisbon: Instituto Superior De Ciencias Sociais E Politicas, 1999.

   ■ Saraiva de Carvalho, Otelo. Alvorada em Abril. Amadora (Portugal): Bertrand, 1977.

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   ■ Spinola, Antonio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon: Arcadia, 1974.

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   ■ Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. Portugal e a Guerra. Historia das intervencoes militares portuguesas nos grandes conflitos mundiais do seculo XX. Lisbon: Ed. Colibri, 1999.

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   ■ Government and Politics since 1974

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   ■ Bruneau, Thomas C., and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

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   ■ Cruzeiro, Maria Manuela. Costa Gomes-o Ultimo Marechal. Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 1998.

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   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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   ■. "Local Government and Political Culture in a Portuguese Rural County." Comparative Politics 13 (April 1981): 271-89.

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   ■ Arouca, Manuel. Os Filhos Da Costa Do Sol. Mem Martins, 1989. Audibert, Pierre, and Daniel Brignon. Portugal: Les nouveaux centurions. Paris, 1974.

   ■ Baptista, Jacinto. Caminhos para uma revolução. Lisbon, 1975. Barreto, Antônio. Memórias da Reforma Agrária. Mem Martins: Europa-Amé-rica, 1983.

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   ■ Bermeo, Nancy Gina. "Worker Management in Industry: Reconciling Representative Government and Industrial Democracy in a Polarized Society." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 181-98. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. The Revolution within the Revolution: Workers' Control in Rural Portugal. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■ Braeckman, Colette. Portugal: Revolution surveilée. Brussels: Rossei, 1975.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel. "O Presidente da República na génese e evolução do sistema de governor portugües." Análise social XXIX, 125-26 (1994): 237-65.

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   ■. Alvorada em Abril. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Cid, Augusto. PREC-Processo Revolucionário Eventualmente Chocante. Viseu, 1977.

   ■ Costa Lobo, Marina, and Pedro C. Magalhaes. "From 'Third Wave' to 'Third Way': Europe and the Portuguese Socialists (1975-1999)," Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 3, no. 1 (2001), 25-35.

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   ■, and Nuno Severiano Teixeira, eds. Southern Europe and the Making of the European Union. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2002.

   ■ Cunhal, Alvaro. A Revolução Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999.

   ■ Downs, Charles. "Comissões de Moradores and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 4 (1986): 267-94.

   ■. Revolution at the Grassroots: Community Organizations in the Portuguese Revolution. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.

   ■ Dufour, Jean-Marc. Prague sur Tage. Paris, 1975.

   ■ Durão Barroso, José. Le systémepolitiqueportugais face à l'intégration euro-péenne. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Eisfeid, Rainer. "Portugal: What Role/What Future?" In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution. New York: RIIC, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■. Sozialistischer Pluralismus in Europa: Ansãtze und Scheitern am Beispiel Portugal. Cologne: Verlag Wissenchaft ünd Politik, 1985.

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   ■ Giaccone, Fausto. Una Storia Portoghese/ Uma História Portuguesa. Palermo: Randazzo Focus, 1987.

   ■ Gladdish, Ken. "Portugal: An Open Verdict." In Geoffrey Pridham, ed. Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, 104-25. London and New York: Routledge, 1990.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. The Decline and Collapse of an Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975.

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   ■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.

   ■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.

   ■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.

   ■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

   ■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).

   ■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.

   ■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.

   ■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.

   ■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].

   ■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.

   ■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.

   ■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.

   ■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.

   ■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,

   ■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

   ■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).

   ■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.

   ■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:

   ■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.

   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

   ■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.

   ■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.

   ■. The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain 1787-1788.

   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

   ■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.

   ■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.

   ■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.

   ■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.

   ■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.

   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

   ■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.

   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

   ■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.

   ■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.

   ■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

   ■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.

   ■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.

   ■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.

   ■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.

   ■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

   ■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.

   ■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.

   ■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.

   ■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.

   ■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.

   ■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.

   ■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.

   ■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.

   ■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.

   ■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

   ■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.

   ■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.

   ■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.

   ■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.

   ■. Navegadores, viajantes e adventureiros portugueses: Séculos XV e XVI. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.

   ■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.

   ■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.

   ■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.

   ■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.

   ■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.

   ■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.

   ■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.

   ■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Disney, Anthony, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães, ed. Documentos sobre a expansão portuguesa [ to 1460], 3 vols. Lisbon, 1945-54.

   ■ Guedes, Max, and Gerald Lombardi, eds. Portugal. Brazil: The Age of Atlantic Discoveries. Lisbon: Bertrand; Milan: Ricci; Brazilian Culture Foundation, 1990. [Catalogue of New York Public Library Exhibit, Summer 1990]

   ■ Harley, J. B., and David Woodward. The History of Cartography. Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and Mediterranean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

   ■ Leite, Duarte. História dos Descobrimentos: Colectânea de esparsos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1958-61.

   ■ Ley, Charles. Portuguese Voyages, 1498-1663. London: Dent, 1953.

   ■ Marques, J. Martins da Silva. Descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1944-71.

   ■ Martyn, John R. C., ed. Pedro Nunes ( 1502-1578): His Lost Algebra and Other Discoveries. John R. C. Martyn, trans. New York: Peter Lang, 1996.

   ■ Morison, Samuel Eliot. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A. D. 500-1600. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■. Portuguese Voyages to America in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.

   ■ Mota, Avelino Teixeira da. Mar, Além-Mar-Estudos e Ensaios de História e Geografia. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Vida e Obra do Infante D. Henrique. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Parry, J. H. The Discovery of the Sea. New York: Dial, 1974.

   ■ Penrose, Boies. Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, 1420-1620. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952.

   ■ Peres, Damião. História dos Descobrimentos Portugueses. Oporto, 1943.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. The Portuguese Pioneers. London, 1933; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1967.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Precision Astrolabe: Portuguese Navigators and Transoceanic Aviation. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Seary, E. R. "The Portuguese Element in the Place Names of Newfoundland." In Luís Albuquerque, ed., Vice-Almirante A. Teixeira da Mota: In Memo-riam. Vol. II, 359-64. Lisbon: Academia da Marinha, 1989.

   ■ Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

   ■ Velho, Alvaro. Roteiro ( Navigator's Route) da Primeira Viagem de Vasco da Gama ( 1497-1499). Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Winius, George, ed. Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World 1300-ca. 1600. Madison, Wisc.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.

   ■ PORTUGAL AND HER OVERSEAS EMPIRES (1415-1975)

   ■ Abshire, David M., and Michael A. Samuels, eds. Portuguese Africa: A Handbook. New York: Praeger, 1969.

   ■ Afonso, Aniceto, and Carlos de Matos Gomes. Guerra Colonial. Lisbon: Noticias, 2001.

   ■ Albuquerque, J. Moushino de. Moçambique. Lisbon, 1898.

   ■ Alden, Dauril. The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire & Beyond. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995.

   ■ Alexandre, Valentim. Orígens do Colonialismo Português Moderno ( 18221891). Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1979.

   ■. Velho Brasil, Novas Africas: Portugal e o Império ( 1808-1975). Oporto: Afrontamento, 2000.

   ■, and Jill Dias, eds. "O Império Africano 1825-1890. Volume X." In J.

   ■ Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds., Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1998.

   ■ Ames, Glen J. "The Carreira da India, 1668-1682: Maritime Enterprise and the Quest for Stability in Portugal's Asian Empire." Journal of European Economic History 20, 1 (1991): 7-28.

   ■. Renascent Empire? The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia, ca. 1640-1683. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ.Press, 2000.

   ■. Vasco da Gama. Renaissance Crusader. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2005.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. O Império com Pés de Barro: Colonizaçao e Descolonização: As Ideologias em Portugal. Lisbon: D. Quixote, 1980.

   ■. O Factor Africano 1890-1990. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1990.

   ■. A Guerra De Africa 1961-1974, 2 vols. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995-96.

   ■. Jorge Jardim: Agente Secreto 1919-1982. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1996.

   ■ Axelson, Eric A. South-East Africa, 1488-1530. London: Longmans, 1940.

   ■. "Prince Henry and the Discovery of the Sea Route to India." Geographical Journal (U.K.) 127, 2 (June 1961): 145-58.

   ■. Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, 1875-1891. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1967.

   ■. Portuguese in South-East Africa, 1488-1699. Cape Town: Struik, 1973.

   ■. Congo to Cape: Early Portuguese Explorers. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.

   ■ Azevedo, Mário. Historical Dictionary of Mozambique, 2nd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003.

   ■ Baião, António, Hernãni Cidade, and Manuel Murias, eds. História da Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 4 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40.

   ■ Bender, Gerald J. "The Limits of Counterinsurgency [in the Angolan War, 1961-72]." Comparative Politics (1972): 331-60.

   ■. Angola under the Portuguese: The Myth Versus Reality. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.

   ■ Bhíla, H. H. K. Trade and Politics in a Shona Kingdom: The Manyika and Their Portuguese and African Neighbours, 1875-1902. Harlow, U.K.: Longman, 1990.

   ■ Birmingham, David. The Portuguese Conquest of Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.

   ■. Trade and Conflict in Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966.

   ■. Frontline Nationalism in Angola & Mozambique. London: James Currey, 1992.

   ■. Portugal and Africa. New York: St. Martins, 1999.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Le Portugal Et Sa Vocation Maritime. Paris: Boccard, 1977. Boxer, C. R. Fidalgos in the Far East— Fact and Fancy in the History of Macau. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1948. ———. The Christian Century in Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951.

   ■ ———. Salvador de Sá and the Struggle for Brazil and Angola, 1602-1688. London, 1952.

   ■ ———. Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion, 1415-1825: A Succinct Survey. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1961.

   ■ ———. The Golden Age of Brazil, 1695-1750. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962.

   ■ ———. Race Relations in the Portuguese Colonial Empire, 1415-1825. Oxford:

   ■ Clarendon Press, 1963. ———. Portuguese Society in the Tropics. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1965.

   ■ ———. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415-1825. London: Hutchi nson, 1969.

   ■ ———, and Carlos de Azevedo, eds. Fort Jesus and the Portuguese in Mombasa. London: Hollis and Carter, 1960.

   ■ Broadhead, Susan H. Historical Dictionary of Angola, 2nd ed. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1992.

   ■ Burton, Richard. Goa and the Blue Mountains. London: Bentley, 1851.

   ■ Cabral, Luís. Crónica da Libertação. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Caetano, Marcello. Colonizing Traditions, Principles and Methods of the Portuguese. Lisbon, 1951.

   ■ ———. Portugal E A Internacionalização Dos Problemas Africanos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■ Cann, John P. Counterinsurgency in Africa: The Portuguese Way of War, 1961-1974. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1997. Castelo, Claudia. " O modo portugues de estar no mundo." O luso-tropicalismo e a ideologia colonial portuguesa ( 1931-1961). Oporto: Afrontamento, 1998. Castro, Armando. O Sistema Colonial Português em Africa ( meados do Século XX). Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Chaliand, Gerard. "The Independence of Guinea-Bissau and the Heritage of [Amilcar] Cabral." In Revolution in the Third World. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1978.

   ■ Chilcote, Ronald H. Portuguese Africa. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967.

   ■ Clarence-Smith, Gervase. Slaves, Peasants and Capitalists in Southern Angola 1840-1926. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

   ■ ———. The Third Portuguese Empire 1825-1975: A Study in Economic Imperialism. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 1985.

   ■ Coates, Timothy J. Convicts and Orphans: Forced and State-Sponsored Colonizers in the Portuguese Empire, 1550-1720. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2001.

   ■ Davies, Shann. Macau. Singapore: Times Editions, 1986.

   ■ Dias, C. Malheiro, ed. História da colonização portuguesa no Brasil, 3 vols. Oporto, 1921-24.

   ■ Diffie, Bailey W., and George Winius. Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press, 1977.

   ■ Disney, Anthony R. Twilight of the Pepper Empire: Portuguese Trade in Southwest India in the Early Seventeenth Century. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.

   ■ ———, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■ Duffy, James. Shipwreck and Empire: Being an Account of Portuguese Maritime Disaster in a Century of Decline. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1955.

   ■ ———. Portuguese Africa. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1959. ———. Portugal in Africa. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962.

   ■. "The Portuguese Territories." In Colin Legum, ed., Africa: A Handbook to the Continent. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1967. ———. A Question of Slavery. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967. Felgas, Hélio. História do Congo Português. Carmona, Angola, 1958. ———. Guerra em Angola. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■ Galvão, Henrique, and Carlos Selvagam. O Império Ultramarino Português, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■ Gleijeses, Piero. Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington and Africa, 19591976. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães. "Portugal and Her Empire." In The New Cambridge Modern History. Vol. V (1961): 384-97; Vol. VI (1963): 509-TO.

   ■ Grenfell, F. James. História da Igreja Baptista em Angola, 1879-1975. Queluz, Portugal: Núcleo, 1998.

   ■ Hammond, Richard J. "Economic Imperialism: Sidelights on a Stereotype." Journal of Economic History XXI, 4 (1961): 582-98.

   ■ ———. Portugal and Africa, 1815-1910: A Study in Uneconomic Imperialism. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1966.

   ■ Hanson, Carl. Portugal and the Wider World 1147-1497. New Orleans, La.: University Press of the South, 2001.

   ■ Harris, Marvin. Portugal's African Wards. New York: American Committee on Africa, 1957.

   ■ ———. "Portugal's Contribution to the Underdevelopment of Africa and Brazil." In Ronald H. Chilcote, ed., Protest & Resistance in Angola & Brazil: Comparative Studies, 209-23. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972.

   ■ Henderson, Lawrence W. Angola: Five Centuries of Conflict. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1979. ———. A Igreja Em Angola. Lisbon: Edit. Além-Mar, 1990. Heywood, Linda. Contested Power in Angola 1840s to the Present. Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press, 2000.

   ■ Hilton, Anne. The Kingdom of Kongo. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.

   ■ Hower, Alfred, and Richard Preto-Rodas, eds. Empire in Transition: The Portuguese World in the Time of Camões. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Isaacman, Allen. "The Prazos da Coroa 1752-1830: A Functional Analysis of the Political System." STUDIA (Lisbon) 26 (1969): 149-78.

   ■. Mozambique: The Africanization of a European Institution: The Zambezi Prazos, 1750-1902. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Tradition of Resistance in Mozambique: Anti-Colonial Activity in the Zambesi Valley 1850-1921. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.

   ■ James, Martin. Historical Dictionary of Angola, 3rd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2004.

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   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Diplomatic Relations of Portugal with France, England and Holland from 1646 to 1668. Watford, U.K.: Voss & Michael, 1925.

   ■. Chapters in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. London: Voss & Michael, 1935.

   ■ Russell, Peter E. The English Intervention in Spain and Portugal in the Time of Edward III and Richard II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955. Sarmento, J. E. Morães. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and Coast Defense. London, 1908.

   ■ Serrão, Joel. "O Ultimatum (January 1890)." Dicionário de História de Portugal. Vol. IV (1971): 219-24.

   ■ Shafaat, Ahmed Khan, ed. Anglo-Portuguese Negotiations Relating to Bombay, 1660-1667. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922.

   ■ Sideri, Sandro. Trade and Power: Informal Colonialism in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. Rotterdam: Rotterdam University Press, 1970.

   ■ Sousa, Carlos Hermenegildo de. A Aliança Anglo-Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1943.

   ■ Stone, Glyn A. "The Official British Attitude to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1910-45." Journal of Contemporary History (London) 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 729-46.

   ■. The Oldest Ally: Britain and the Portuguese Connection, 1936-1941. Woodbridge, U.K.: Royal Historical Society and Boydell Press, 1994. Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. O Ultimatum Inglês: Política Externa no Portugal do 1890. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Teles, Basilio. Do Ultimatum ao 30 de Janeiro. Oporto, 1905.

   ■ Vicente, António Pedro. "Um testemunho de 1796 sobre a Situação de Portugal face ao domínio inglês." In Arquivos do Centro Cultural Portugües, IV. Paris, 1972.

   ■ Vieira de Castro, Luís. D. Carlos I. ( Elementos de História Diplomática), 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1941.

   ■ Vincent-Smith, John. "Britain, Portugal and the First World War." European Studies Review 4, 3 (1974).

   ■. "The Portuguese Economy and the Anglo-Portuguese Commercial Treaty of 1916." Iberian Studies (Keele, U.K.) III, 2 (Autumn 1974): 49-54.

   ■. As Relações Políticas Luso-Britânicas 1910-1916. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. "The Portuguese Republic and Britain, 1910-14." Journal of Contemporary History 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 707-27.

   ■ Vintras, R. E. The Portuguese Connection: A Secret History of the Azores Base. London: Bachman & Turner, 1974. Viriato [Pseud]. A Aliança lnglesa. Lisbon, 1914.

   ■ Walford, A. R. The British Factory in Lisbon and Its Closing Stages Ensuring upon the Treaty of 1810. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Portuguese in Angola, 1836-1891: A Study in Expansion and Administration." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 1963.

   ■. "19th Century: Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and the Scramble for Africa." In BBC, 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 40-43. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, Wisc.) 34, 1, 2 (Summer 1986; Winter 1986): 107-27; 97-111.

   ■ Wordsworth, William. William Wordsworth's Convention of Cintra: A Facsimile of the 1809 Tract [Introduction by Gordon Kent Thomas]. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983.

   ■ Young, George. Portugal Old and Young. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1917.

   ■ ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, RURAL AND URBAN SOCIETY

   ■ Almeida, Miguel Vale de. The Hegemonic Male: Masculinity in a Portuguese Town. Oxford: Berghan, 1996.

   ■ Black, Richard. Crisis and Change in Rural Europe: Agricultural Development in the Portuguese Mountains. Aldershot, U.K.: Avebury and Ashgate, 1992.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait: Population and History in a Portuguese Parish. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■. "The Absence of Men." Natural History 96, 2 (Feb. 1987): 52-61.

   ■. "The Portuguese." In Encyclopedia of World Cultures. New Haven, Conn.: Human Relations Area Files, 1990.

   ■. "The Priest and His People: The Contractual Basis for Religious Practice in Rural Portugal." In Ellen Badone, ed., Religious Orthodoxy and Popular Faith in European Society, 55-75. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990.

   ■ Brogger, Jan. Pre-bureaucratic Europeans: A Study of a Portuguese Fishing Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. "Portuguese Perspectives." Sociologia Ruralis [Journal of European Rural Sociology] XXIV, 1 (1986); number devoted to rural Portugal today. Chaney, Rick. Regional Emigration and Remittances in Developing Countries: The Portuguese Experience. New York: Praeger, 1986. Cole, Sally. Women of the Praia: Work and Lives in a Portuguese Colonial Community. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991. Cutileiro, José. A Portuguese Rural Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■ Deschamps, Paul. Portugal: La Vie Sociale Actuelle. Paris, 1935.

   ■. Histoire Sociale du Portugal. Paris, 1959.

   ■ Dias, Jorge. Rio do Onor-comunitarismo agropastoral. Oporto, 1953.

   ■. Ensaios Etnológicos. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■. The Portuguese Contribution to Cultural Anthropology. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1964.

   ■. Vilarinho Da Furna: Uma Aldeia Comunitária. Rev. ed. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Downs, Charles. Os Moradores à Conquista da Cidade. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■. "Community Organization, Political Change and Urban Policy: Portugal. 1974-1976." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology. University of California, 1980.

   ■. "Residents' Commissions and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Dracklé, Dorlé. Macht und Ohnmacht: Der Kampf num die Agarreform im Alentejo ( Portugal). Gottingen, Germany: Edit. Re, 1991.

   ■ Espírito Santo, Moise. Communidade Rural ao Norte do Tejo. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Feijó, Rui, H. Martins, and João de Pina Cabral, eds. Death in Portugal. Oxford: Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 1983.

   ■ Feijó, Rui Graça. "State, Nation and Regional Diversity in Portugal: An Overview." In Richard Herr and John H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity: Essays on the Nature of Identity in Portugal and Spain, 37-47. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1989.

   ■ Feio, Mariano. Les Bas Alentejo et l'Algarve. Lisbon, 1949.

   ■ Ferreira de Almeida, João. Classes sociais nos campos. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Fonseca, Ramiro da. O Livro da Saúde e da Doença. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. Portugal: A Book of Folk-Ways. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936. Reprinted, 1961.

   ■ Hoefgen, Lynn. "The Integration of Returnees from the Colonies into Portugal's Social and Economic Life." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Ingerson, Alice Elizabeth. "Corporatism and Class Consciousness in Northwestern Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Johns Hopkins University, 1984.

   ■ Jenkins, Robin. The Road to Alto. London: Pluto Press, 1979.

   ■ Lawrence, Denise. "Menstrual Politics: Women and Pigs in Rural Portugal." In T. Buckley and A. Gottlieb, eds., Blood Magic: The Anthropology of Menstruation, 117-36. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

   ■. "Suburbanization of House Form and Gender Relations in a Rural Portuguese Agro-Town." Architecture and Behavior 4, 3 (1988): 197-212.

   ■ Martins, Hermínio. "Portugal." In Margaret S. Archer and Salvador Giner, eds., Contemporary Europe: Class, Status and Power. New York: St. Martins, 1971.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Identificação de um país. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Merten, Peter. Anarchismüs und Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libera-tare Association, 1981.

   ■ Monteiro, Paulo. Terra que ja foi terra: Análise Sociológica de nove lugares agro-pastorais da Serra da Lousã. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Nataf, Daniel. "Social Cleavages and Regime Formation in Contemporary Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, UCLA, 1987.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal: Ensaio Exploratório." Economia e Socialismo 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ O'Neill, Brian Juan. "Dying and Inheriting in Rural Tras-os-Montes." Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford 14 (1983): 44-74.

   ■. Social Inequality in a Portuguese Hamlet: Land, Late Marriage, and Inheritance, 1870-1978. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

   ■ Pacheco, Helder. Tradições Populares de Portugal. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Pardoe, Julia. Traits and Traditions of Portugal, 2 vols. London, 1832.

   ■ Pereira Neto, João Baptista. "Social Evolution in Portugal since 1945." In Raymond S. Sayers, ed., Portugal and Brazil in Transition, 212-27. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1968.

   ■ Pina-Cabral, João de. Sons of Adam, Daughters of Eve: The Peasant World-View of the Alto Minho. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

   ■. "Sociocultural Differentiation and Regional Identity in Portugal." In

   ■ R. Herr and J. H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity, 3-18. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, 1989.

   ■ Poinard, Michel. La Retour des Traveilleurs Portugais. Paris: La Documentation Francaise, 1979.

   ■ Reed, Robert Roy. "Managing the Revolution: Revolutionary Promise and Political Reality in Rural Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, 1988.

   ■ Riegelhaupt, Joyce F. "In the Shadow of the City: Integration of a Portuguese Village" [São João das Lampas, nr, Cascais]. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1964.

   ■. "Saloio Women: An Analysis of Informal and Formal Political and Economic Roles of Portuguese Peasant Women." Anthropological Quarterly 40, 3 (July 1967): 109-26.

   ■. "Festas and Padres: The Organization of Religious Action in a Portuguese Parish." American Anthropologist 75 (1973): 835-52.

   ■. "Peasants and Politics in Salazar's Portugal: The Corporate State and Village 'Nonpolitics'" In L. S. Graham and H. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 167-90. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Julieta E. S. de Almeida. "Continuity and Change in Urban Portuguese Women's Roles: Emerging New Household Structures." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 1979.

   ■ Rowland, Robert. "Demographic Patterns and Rural Society in Portugal." So-ciologica Ruralis 26, 1 (1986): 36-47.

   ■ Sanchis, Pierre. Arraial. La Fête d'un Peuple: Les Pélerinages Populaires au Portugal. Paris, 1976.

   ■ Siegel, Bernard J. "Social Structure and Medical Practitioners in Rural Brazil and Portugal." Sociologia (São Paulo) 20, 4 (Oct. 1958): 463-76.

   ■. "Conflict, Parochialism and Social Differentiation in Portuguese Society." Journal of Conflict Resolution V, 1 (March 1961): 35-12.

   ■ Smith, T. Lynn. "The Social Relationships of Man to the Land in Portugal." Sociologia 25, 1 (Dec. 1963): 319-43.

   ■ Sousa Santos, Boaventura. "Estado e sociedade na semiperíferia do sistema mundiale: O caso português." Análise Social 87-89 (1985): 869-902.

   ■. "Social Crisis and the State." In Kenneth Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation, 167-95. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Vasconcellos, Joaquim Leite de. Ethnograia Portuguesa, 8 vols. Lisbon, 1941-82.

   ■. Tradições Populares Portugueses. New ed. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Willems, Emilio. "On Portuguese Family Structure." International Journal of Comparative Society (Dharwar, India) 3, 1 (Sept. 1962): 65-79.

   ■ ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, URBAN PLANNING, MUSIC

   ■ Almeida, Rodrigo Vicente de. História da Arte em Portugal: ( Segundo Estudo) Documentos lnéditos. Oporto, 1883. Almeida D'Eca, Admiral Vicente M. Castles of Portugal. Lisbon, 1925. Amaral, Francisco K. Lisboa: Uma Cidade em Transformação. Lisbon, 1969. Azevedo, Carlos de, and Chester Brummel. Churches of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1985.

   ■ Barreira, João, ed. Arte Portuguesa: As Decorativas, 2 vols. Lisbon, n.d.

   ■ Barretto, Mascarenhas, and George Dykes. Fado: Lyrical Origins and Poetical Motivation. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. London: Scala, 1987.

   ■ Branco, Luís de Freitas. A Música em Portugal. Lisbon, 1930.

   ■ Brito, Manuel Carlos de. Opera in Portugal in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Pinto de. História de Fado. Lisbon, 1903 and 1982 eds.

   ■ Castro d'Aire, Teresa. O Fado. Lisbon: Temas da Actualidade, 1996.

   ■ Chicó, Mário Tavares. A Architectura Gótica em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. A Arte em Portugal No Século XIX. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■. Lisboa Pombalina e o Illuminismo, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. A Reconstrucão e a Arquitectura Pombalina. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. "The Fado (The Portuguese Song of Fate)." Musical Quarterly XIX (1933): 199-213.

   ■. Eight Portuguese Folksongs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

   ■ Gil, Júlio. The Finest Churches in Portugal. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. The Finest Castles in Portugal, 3rd ed. George F. W. Dykes, trans. Lisbon, 1996.

   ■ Gonçalves, Rui Mário. Pintura e escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura, 1984.

   ■. 100 Pintores Portugueses do século XX. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■ Kubler, George. Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

   ■. Studies in Ancient American and European Art: The Collected Essays of George Kubler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985.

   ■, and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1959.

   ■ Lacerda, Aarão de. História da Arte em Portugal, 2 vols. Oporto, 1942-48.

   ■ Leão, Joaquim de Sousa. "Decorative Art: The Azulejo." In H. V. Livermore, ed. Portugal and Brazil: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

   ■ Lopes Graça, Fernando. A canção popular portuguesa. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■. A música portuguesa e os sus problemas: Ensaios. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Moita, Luís. O fado: canção de vencidos. Lisbon, 1936.

   ■ Neves, José Cassiano. The Palace and Gardens of Fronteira: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese Style. Lisbon: Quetzal and Scala, 1995. North, C.T. Guia dos castelos antigos de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: Bertrand Ed., 2002.

   ■ Pacheco, Jose. Stuart Carvalhais. O desenho grafico e a imprensa. Lisbon: Biblioteca do Empresario, 2000. Pereira, Paulo, ed. Arte portuguesa. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995. Picchio, Luciana Stegagno. Storia del Teatro Portoghese. Rome: Edizinio deli' Ateneo, 1964.

   ■ Queirós, José. Cerâmica Portuguesa, 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Santos, Luís Reis. Monuments of Portugal. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1948-50.

   ■. História da Arte em Portugal. Oporto, 1953.

   ■ Sasportes, José. História da Dança em Portugal. Lisbon, 1970. Simões, J. M. dos Santos. "Azulejos in a Land of Many Colours." Connoisseur (London) CXXXVII, 551 (1956): 15-21.

   ■. Azulejaria em Portugal no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. A Talha em Portugal. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.

   ■. "The Building of Mafra." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 360-67.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Demeures portugaises dans les environs de Lisbonne. Paris: Weber, 1986.

   ■. Palais et manoirs: Le Minho. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1995.

   ■ Tannock, Michael. Portuguese 20th Century Artists: A Biographical Dictionary. Chichester, U.K.: Phillimore, 1978.

   ■ Taylor, René. "The Architecture of Port Wine." The Architectural Review CXXIX, 772 (1961): 368-99.

   ■ Terol, Marylene. Azulejos a Lisbonne. Paris: Hervas, 1992.

   ■ Veiga de Oliveira, Ernesto. Instrumentos musicais populares portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Watson, Walter Crum. Portuguese Architecture. London: Constable, 1908. Wohl, Hellmut. "Carlos Mardel and His Lisbon Architecture." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 350-59.

   ■ Sculpture and Ceramics

   ■ Andrade, Sergio de. "Presepios." In Dicionario de Arte Barroca em Portugal. Lisbon: Presenca, 1989. Barreira, Joao. Arte Portuguesa, Arquitectura e Escultura. Lisbon: Excelsior, n.d.

   ■ Cardoso, Arnaldo Pinto. O Presepio Barroco Portugues. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2003.

   ■ Chaves, Luis. Os Barristas Portugueses. Coimbra, 1925.

   ■. Natal Portugues. Oporto: Liv. Classica Editora, 1942.

   ■ Gargano, Pietro. Il Presepio. Otto Secoli di Storia, Arte, Tradizione. Milan: Fenice, 1995.

   ■ Lima, Henrique de Campos F. Joaquim Machado de Castro, Escultor Conimbricense. Coimbra: Instituto de Historia de Arte, 1989. Macedo, Diogo de. Presepios Portugueses. Lisbon: Artis, 1951.

   ■. Machado de Castro. Lisbon: Artis, 1958.

   ■ Morais, Heitor. Natal do Meu Coracao. Braga: Ed. A.O., 1991.

   ■ Pais, Alexandre Nobre. Presepios Portugueses Monumentos do Seculo XVIII em Terracotta, 2 vols. Master's thesis in history of art, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Queiros, Jose. Ceramica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Presenca, 1998. Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1951. Serrao, Vitor. Historia da Arte em Portugal IV-O Barroco. Lisbon: Presenca, 2003.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. The Art Of Portugal 1500-1800. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.

   ■ Sousa, Ernesto de. Presepios. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1998.

   ■ Cinema

   ■ Antunes, Joao and Jose de Matos-Cruz, Cinema Portugues 1896-1998. Lisbon: Lusomundo, 1997.

   ■ Bandeira, Jose Gomes. Porto: 100 anos de cinema portugues. Oporto: Camara Municipal do Porto, 1996. Duarte, Fernando. Primitivos do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Cinecultura, 1960.

   ■ Faria de Almeida, M., Resumo da Historia do Cinema. Lisbon: RTP, 1982. Nobre, Roberto. Singularidades do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Portugalia, n.d.

   ■ Pina, Luis de. Aventura do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Vega, 1977.

   ■. Documentarismo Portugues. Lisbon: IPC, 1977.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Historia do Cinema Portugues. Mem Martins: Europa-America, 1986.

   ■ Ribeiro, Felix. O Cinema Portugues antes do Sonoro. Esboco Historiconema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: n.d.

   ■ Children's Literature

   ■ Andresen, Sofia de Melo Breyner. A Fada Oriana. 9th ed. Lisbon: Figueiri-nhas, 1985.

   ■ Araújo, Matilde Rosa. A estrada fascinante. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1988. Barreto, Garcia. Literatura Para Crianças E Jovens Em Portugal. Oporto:

   ■ Campo Das Letras, 1998. Bastos, Glória. A escrita para crianças em Portugal no seculo XIX. Lisbon:

   ■ Caminho da Educaçao, 1997. Cadet, Maria Rita Chiappe. Os Contos da Mamã. Lisbon: Lallement Freres, 1883.

   ■ Castro, Fernanda. Mariazinha em Africa, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1947. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Portugal. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. DeSkalon, Anna, and Christa Stadtler. We Live in Portugal. New York: Watts, 1987.

   ■ Gomes, Alice. A Nau Catrineta, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1973.

   ■. A literatura para a infância. Lisbon: Torres & Abreu, 1979.

   ■ Letria, José Jorge. Do sentimento mágico da vida. Lisbon: Escritor, 1994. Müller, Adolfo Simões. Historiazinha de Portugal, 6th ed. Oporto: Tavares Martins, 1983.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. Para as crianças. Illustr. by Leal da Câmara. Setúbal: Liv. Crianças, 1908.

   ■ Pires, Maria Laura Bettencourt. História da literatura infantil portuguesa. Lisbon: Vega, 1981. Ribeiro, Aquilino. Arca de Noé-III Classe. Lisbon, 1989. Rocha, Natércia. Breve História da Literatura para Crianças em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, 1984.

   ■. Bibliografia geral da literatura portuguesa para crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Sá, Domingos Guimarães de. A literatura infantil em Portugal. Braga: Edit. Franciscana, 1981.

   ■ Selfridge. John. Portugal. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Vaz de Carvalho, Maria Amália. Contos para os Nossos Filhos, 11th ed. Oporto: Barreira, 1947.

   ■ Viana, António Manuel Couto. Jõao de Deus e um século de literatura infantil em Portugal. Lisbon: Ed. do Templo, 1978.

   ■ Lisbon, Capital City, in History and Literature

   ■ Castelo-Branco, Fernando. Lisboa Seiscentista, 3rd ed. Lisbon: 1969.

   ■ Castilho, Júlio de. Lisboa Antiga, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1935-45.

   ■ Couto, Dejanirah. Histoire de Lisbonne. Paris: Fayard, 2000.

   ■ Crespo, Ángel. Lisboa Mítica e Literária. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1987.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Lisboa Desaparecida. Lisbon: Quimera, 1990.

   ■ Dionísio, Sant'anna, ed. Guia de Portugal. Vol. I: Lisboa e Arredores. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1924, orig. ed; reprint, Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Moita, Irisalva, ed. O Livro de Lisboa. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1994.

   ■ Neves, Orlando. Lisboa em Crónica. Lisbon: Author's Ed., 1968.

   ■ Pavão, Luís, and Mário Pereira. Tabernas de Lisboa. Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim, 1981.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Lisboa. O que o turista deve ver: What the Tourist Should See. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1997.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. À Capital. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1960.

   ■ Santos, Piedade Braga, et al. Lisboa Setecentista vista por Estrangeiros. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1996.

   ■ Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa. Lisbon: Caminho, 1993.

   ■ Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■ The Inquisition in History

   ■ Azevedo, João Lúcio. Historia das Cristãos-Novos. Lisbon: Liv. Clássica, 1975.

   ■ Baião, António. A Inquisição em Portugal e no Brasil: Subsídios para a sua história. Lisbon: Arquivo Histórico Portugues, 1906. Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," In Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, 403-22. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

   ■. "Os equilíbrios sociais do Poder." In José Mattoso, ed., Historia De Portugal, Vol. 3, No Alvorecer Da Modernidade ( 1480-1620). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■. História das Inquisições: Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1994.

   ■ Braga, Maria Luísa. A Inquisição em Portugal na primeira metade do Séc. XVIII. Lisbon: Inst. Nacional de Investigação Científica, 1992.

   ■ Haliczer, Stephen, ed. Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968.

   ■ Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. "Em Busca dos Tempos da Inquisição (15731615)." Revista de História das Ideias 9 (1987): 191-228.

   ■ Mea, Elvira Cunha Azevedo. A Inquisição de Coimbra no Século XVI. Oporto, 1989.

   ■ Mendonça, José Lourenço D. de, and António Joaquim Moreira. História da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1980.

   ■ Novinsky, Anita, and Luísa M. Carneiro, eds. Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura, 1992.

   ■ Pereira, Isais da Rosa. Documentos para a história da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Rego, Yvonne Cunha, ed. Feiticeiros, Profetas e Visionários: Textos Antigos Portugueses. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda, 1981.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. Inquisição e cristãos-novos. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■ Walker, Timothy Dale. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Literature in English Translation: Selection

   ■ Alcaforado, Mariana. The Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Mariana Alcaforado). Edgar Prestage, trans. London: D. Nutt, 1893.

   ■ Andrade, Eugénio de. "White on White." Alexis Levitin, trans. Quarterly Review of Literature. Poetry Series VIII. Vol. 27. Princeton, N.J., 1987.

   ■. Another Name for Earth; O outro nome da terra. Alexis Levitin, trans. Ft. Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1997.

   ■ Andresen, Sophia de Mello Breyner. Marine Rose: Selected Poems. Ruth Fain-light, trans. Redding Ridge, Conn.: Swan Books, 1989.

   ■ Antunes, António Lobo. South of Nowhere. Elizabeth Lowe, trans. New York: Random House, 1983.

   ■. Fado Alexandrino. Gregory Rabassa, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990.

   ■. An Explanation of the Birds. Richard Zenith, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

   ■. Act of the Damned. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

   ■. The Natural Order of Things. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Poems from the Portuguese ( with the Portuguese text). A.

   ■ Bell, trans. Oxford: Blackwell, 1913.

   ■ Camões, Luís de. The Lusiads of Luís de Camões. Leonard Bacon, trans. New York: Hispanic Society of America, 1950.

   ■. The Lusiads. William C. Atkinson, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1952.

   ■. The Lusiads. Landeg White, trans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

   ■ Castelo Branco, Camilo. Doomed Love ( A Family Memoir). Alice R. Clemente, trans Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1995. Castro, José Maria Ferreira de. Emigrants. Dorothy Ball, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

   ■. Jungle. Charles Duff, trans. New York: Viking, 1935.

   ■. The Mission. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1963.

   ■ Dantas, Júlio. The Cardinals' Collation, 48th ed. A. Saintsbury, trans. London, 1962.

   ■ Dias de Melo. Dark Stones. Gregory McNab, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1996.

   ■ Dinis, Júlio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca. Rosanna Dabney, trans. Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891.

   ■ Garrett, Almeida. Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.

   ■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

   ■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.

   ■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.

   ■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.

   ■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].

   ■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George

   ■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.

   ■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.

   ■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.

   ■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.

   ■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.

   ■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.

   ■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.

   ■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.

   ■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.

   ■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

   ■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.

   ■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. London: Menard Press and King's College, 1992.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Ballad of a Dog's Beach. Mary Fitton, trans. London: J. M. Dent, 1986.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. Cousin Bazilio. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1953.

   ■. The Relic. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954.

   ■. The City and the Mountains. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1955.

   ■. The Sin of Father Amaro. Nan Flanagan, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1962.

   ■. The Maias. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1965.

   ■. The Illustrious House of Ramires. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■. Letters from England. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1970.

   ■. To the Capital. John Vetch, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■ Quental, Antero de. Sixty-four Sonnets. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: David Nutt, 1894.

   ■ Redol, Alves. The Man with Seven Names. L. L. Barrett, trans. New York: Knopf, 1964.

   ■ Resende, André de. André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.

   ■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.

   ■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

   ■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.

   ■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.

   ■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

   ■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.

   ■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.

   ■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

   ■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.

   ■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.

   ■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.

   ■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.

   ■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

   ■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.

   ■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine

   ■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.

   ■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.

   ■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.

   ■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

   ■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.

   ■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.

   ■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.

   ■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.

   ■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.

   ■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

   ■ Gardens and Gardening of Portugal and Madeira

   ■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1987.

   ■ Bowe, Patrick, and Nicolas Sapieha. Gardens of Portugal. New York: Scala Books and Harper and Row, 1989.

   ■ Cane, Florence du. The Flowers and Gardens of Madeira. London, 1924.

   ■ Cardoso, Pedro Homem, and Helder Carita. Da Grandeza das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Carita, Helder, and Homem Cardoso. Portuguese Gardens. London: Antique Collector's Club, 1987.

   ■ Costa, António da, and Luís de O. Franquinho. Madeira: Plantas e Floras. Funchal, 1986.

   ■ Nichols, Rose Standish. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston, 1926.

   ■ Pereira, Arthur D. Sintra and Its Farm Manors. Sintra, 1983.

   ■ Sampaio, Gonçalo. Flora Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1945.

   ■ Underwood, John, and Pat Underwood. Landscapes of Madeira. London, 1980.

   ■ Vieira, Rui. Flowers of Madeira. Funchal, 1973.

   ■ Viterbo, Francisco Marques de Sousa. A Jardinagem em Portugal, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1906-9.

   ■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.

   ■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.

   ■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.

   ■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.

   ■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.

   ■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.

   ■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.

   ■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.

   ■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.

   ■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).

   ■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).

   ■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.

   ■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.

   ■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.

   ■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.

   ■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Feminism and Women's Studies

   ■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.

   ■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.

   ■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.

   ■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.

   ■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Religion and Catholic Church

   ■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.

   ■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

   ■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.

   ■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.

   ■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.

   ■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing

   ■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.

   ■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.

   ■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.

   ■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.

   ■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.

   ■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.

   ■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.

   ■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

   ■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.

   ■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.

   ■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.

   ■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.

   ■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.

   ■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

   ■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.

   ■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Moreira da Fonseca, A. Port Wine: Notes on Its History, Production and Technology. Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.

   ■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

   ■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.

   ■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.

   ■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.

   ■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.

   ■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.

   ■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT

   ■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

   ■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.

   ■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.

   ■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.

   ■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.

   ■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.

   ■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).

   ■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.

   ■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.

   ■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.

   ■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.

   ■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.

   ■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].

   ■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.

   ■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.

   ■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.

   ■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.

   ■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.

   ■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.

   ■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.

   ■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.

   ■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.

   ■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.

   ■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.

   ■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.

   ■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.

   ■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.

   ■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.

   ■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.

   ■ EQUESTRIANISM

   ■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.

   ■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.

   ■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.

   ■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.

   ■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,

   ■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.

   ■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.com

Historical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
17 of

of [əv, stressed ɒv]

preposition

(a) (after nouns expressing quantity, number, amount) de;

∎ a pound of onions une livre d'oignons;

∎ a loaf of bread un pain;

∎ a piece of cake un morceau de gâteau;

∎ a bottle of wine une bouteille de vin;

∎ a pair of trousers un pantalon;

∎ there are six of us nous sommes six;

∎ thousands of mosquitos des milliers de moustiques;

∎ some/many/few of us were present quelques-uns/beaucoup/peu d'entre nous étaient présents;

∎ half of them failed la moitié d'entre eux ont échoué;

∎ how much of it do you want? combien en voulez-vous?

(b) (indicating age) de;

∎ a boy/a girl of three un garçon/une fille de trois ans;

∎ at the age of nineteen à dix-neuf ans, à l'âge de dix-neuf ans;

∎ his wife of twenty years la femme avec qui il est marié depuis vingt ans

(c) (indicating composition, content) de;

∎ a photo of Lily une photo de Lily;

∎ a map of Spain une carte d'Espagne;

∎ a report of events in Parliament un compte rendu de ce qui se passe au Parlement;

∎ a rise of 25 percent une augmentation de 25 pour cent;

∎ a team of cricketers une équipe de cricket;

∎ a city of 120,000 une ville de 120 000 habitants;

∎ a series of programmes on Italy une série d'émissions sur l'Italie

(d) (created by) de;

∎ the poems of Byron les poèmes de Byron

(e) (with words expressing attitude or emotion) de;

∎ I'm ashamed of it j'en ai honte;

∎ I'm proud of it j'en suis fier;

∎ familiar I'm sick of it j'en ai assez;

∎ I'm afraid of the dark j'ai peur du noir;

∎ she dreamt of one day becoming Prime Minister elle rêvait de devenir Premier ministre un jour;

∎ I have no intention of leaving je n'ai aucune intention de partir;

∎ the fear of God la crainte de Dieu

(f) (indicating possession, relationship) de;

∎ he's a friend of mine c'est un ami à moi;

∎ a friend of mine saw me un de mes amis m'a vu;

∎ I'd like a home of my own j'aimerais avoir mon chez-moi;

∎ the corner of the street le coin de la rue;

∎ the subject of the lecture le sujet du cours;

∎ cancer of the bowel cancer des intestins;

∎ the love of a mother l'amour d'une mère;

∎ the rights of man les droits de l'homme;

∎ she's head of department elle est chef de service;

∎ doctor of medicine docteur en médecine

(g) (indicating subject of action)

∎ it was kind/mean of him c'était gentil/méchant de sa part;

∎ how clever of her comme c'est intelligent de sa part

(h) (with names of places) de;

∎ the city of New York la ville de New York;

∎ the people of Chile le peuple ou les habitants du Chili;

∎ the University of Cambridge l'université de Cambridge;

∎ the village of Carlton le village de Carlton

(i) (after nouns derived from verbs) de;

∎ the arrival/departure of Flight 556 l'arrivée/le départ du vol 556;

∎ we need the approval of the committee nous devons obtenir l'autorisation du comité;

∎ a lover of fine wine un amateur de bons vins;

∎ the success of the meeting le succès de la réunion;

∎ an outbreak of cholera une épidémie de choléra

(j) (describing a particular feeling or quality) de;

∎ a feeling of relief un sentiment de soulagement;

∎ she has the gift of mimicry elle a un talent d'imitatrice;

∎ a man of courage un homme de courage;

∎ people of foreign appearance gens à l'air étranger;

∎ a coat of many colours un manteau multicolore;

∎ a sort or kind or type of tree un type d'arbre;

∎ formal to be of sound mind être sain d'esprit;

∎ to be of a nervous disposition avoir une prédisposition à la nervosité;

∎ that fool of a sergeant cet imbécile de sergent

(k) (made from)

∎ a ring of solid gold une bague en or massif;

∎ a heart of stone un cœur de pierre;

∎ made of wood fait de ou en bois

(l) (after nouns of size, measurement etc) de;

∎ a width/length of sixty feet une largeur/longueur de soixante pieds;

∎ they reach a height of ten feet ils atteignent une hauteur de dix pieds

(m) (indicating cause, origin, source) de;

∎ the consequence/the effects of the explosion la conséquence/les effets de l'explosion;

∎ to die of cancer mourir du ou d'un cancer;

∎ of royal descent de lignée royale;

∎ of which/whom dont

(n) (indicating likeness, similarity) de;

∎ the colour of blood/of grass la couleur du sang/de l'herbe;

∎ the size of a tennis ball de la taille d'une balle de tennis;

∎ he reminds me of John Wayne il me rappelle John Wayne;

∎ it smells of coffee ça sent le café;

∎ a giant of a man un homme très grand;

∎ a huge barn of a house une énorme bâtisse

(o) (indicating specific point in time or space) de;

∎ the 3rd of May le 3 mai;

∎ in the middle of August à la mi-août;

∎ the crash of 1929 le krach de 1929;

∎ the day of our wedding le jour de notre mariage;

∎ it was the high point of the week ça a été le point culminant de la semaine;

∎ American a quarter of nine neuf heures moins le quart;

∎ in the middle of the road au milieu de la chaussée;

∎ at the far end of the room à l'autre bout de la pièce;

∎ south of au sud de;

∎ within a mile of à moins d'un mil(l)e de

(p) (indicating deprivation or absence)

∎ a lack of food un manque de nourriture;

∎ to get rid of sth se débarrasser de qch;

∎ to be cured of sth être guéri de qch;

∎ to rob sb of sth voler qch à qn

(q) (indicating information received or passed on)

∎ I've never heard of him je n'ai jamais entendu parler de lui;

∎ to learn of sth apprendre qch;

∎ her knowledge of French sa connaissance du français;

∎ of President Nixon it was said that… il a été dit du président Nixon que…

(r) (as intensifier)

∎ the best/the worst of all le meilleur/le pire de tout;

∎ today of all days! il fallait que ça arrive aujourd'hui!;

∎ he, of all men or people lui entre tous;

∎ you, of all people, should know… toi, plus que quiconque, devrais savoir que…

(s) old-fashioned

∎ or humorous I like to listen to the radio of a morning/an evening j'aime écouter la radio le matin/le soir

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > of

См. также в других словарях:

French people — can refer to: * The legal residents and citizens of France, regardless of ancestry. For a legal discussion, see French nationality law. * People whose ancestors lived in France or the area that later became France.They are one of the Latin… … Wikipedia
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French American — Infobox Ethnic group group =flagicon|France French American flagicon|US caption = Brett Favre, Angelina Jolie, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Col. Peter Julien Ortiz, Captain Jean Lafitte, Jack Kerouac poptime = 11,800,000 [cite web… … Wikipedia
French Canadian — Infobox Ethnic group group = French Canadian Émile Nelligan • La Bolduc • Maurice Richard René Lévesque • Wilfrid Laurier GAROU poptime = 10,421,365 popplace = Canada, especially Quebec and New Brunswick, smaller populations in Ontario, Nova… … Wikipedia
French Chilean — Infobox Ethnic group group = flagicon|France French Chilean flagicon|Chile Francochileno caption = Notable French Chileans: Augusto Pinochet, Michelle Bachelet poptime = Large minority popplace = Chile langs = Chilean Spanish, French rels = Roman … Wikipedia
French Peruvian — Infobox Ethnic group group = French Peruvian caption = Notable French Peruvians Fernando Belaúnde Terry Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Eliane Karp flagicon|France flagicon|Peru poptime = 354,000 popplace = Callao, Lima, Trujillo, Arequipa langs = Spanish … Wikipedia
descent — noun Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo French descente, from Anglo French descendre Date: 14th century 1. a. derivation from an ancestor ; birth, lineage < of French descent > b … New Collegiate Dictionary
French migration to the United Kingdom — infobox ethnic group group = French Britons Britanniques français caption = Notable French Britions: Augustus Charles Pugin, Dido, George du Maurier, Samia Smith Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Emma Watson, Henrietta Maria poptime = 200,000 300,000… … Wikipedia
French Polynesia — Polynésie française (French) Pōrīnetia Farāni (Tahitian) … Wikipedia
Descent — De*scent , n. [F. descente, fr. descendre; like vente, from vendre. See {Descend}.] 1. The act of descending, or passing downward; change of place from higher to lower. [1913 Webster] 2. Incursion; sudden attack; especially, hostile invasion from … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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of French descent

См. также в других словарях:

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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of French descent

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